英语动词时态呼应的认知研究

论文摘要

作为时态用法的一部分,时态呼应是英语学习和使用的一个重要内容。然而,在目前时态呼应现象仍然是英语学习者使用英语时最易出错的语法项目之一,原因是已有的研究成果一味地强调语言形式的一致,忽视了语言使用中形式与意义的关系和语言运用的目的。本文对国内外已有的相关研究进行了评述,发现秦裕祥(2005)对英语动词时态呼应的研究所涉现象有较强的解释力,他将时态呼应定义为动词时态的前后照应,将时态呼应现象分为狭义和广义两种,提出了时态呼应的“意义呼应”标准,并据此标准对狭义的时态呼应(指含间接引语或宾语从句的复杂句内的时态呼应)作出了解释。本文在采纳秦裕祥的观点的基础上,以认知语言学的隐喻和意象图式理论为指导,对英语动词时态呼应这一复杂的语言现象进行了更为深入广泛的研究。文章对“形式呼应”标准和“意义呼应”标准进行了分析,指出了“形式呼应”标准的不足和“意义呼应”标准的优点。在此基础之上,文章探讨了“意义呼应”标准的认知理据。文章指出时态是认知的结果,时态呼应是时态的正常运用;时态呼应的过程是一个认知过程,是一个对动作状态与其参照时点之间的时间关系进行认知并依据认知结果对动词时态作出选择的过程;时态呼应的“意义呼应”标准以语义为中心,注重时态形式与时态意义之间的内在联系,与语言运用的目的相吻合,反映了时态呼应的本质特征和内在规律。文章运用“意义呼应”标准对英语动词时态呼应的不同现象特别是广义的时态呼应现象进行了解释,结果表明,无论是狭义的时态呼应还是广义的时态呼应(指其他复杂句和各类语篇中的时态呼应),它们都遵循着“意义呼应”标准,即都是根据动作状态与其参照时点之间的时态关系对动词时态作出选择。本文是在前人研究的基础上,从认知的角度对英语动词时态呼应进行的进一步探讨。这种探讨将语义放在研究的中心位置,有利于揭示时态呼应现象的本质,对英语学习者更好地理解和掌握英语动词的时态呼应有一定的帮助。

论文目录

• Abstract
• 摘要
• Introduction
• 0.1 The Background of the Research
• 0.2 The Aim of the Research
• 0.3 The Significance of the Research
• 0.4 Organization of the Thesis
• Chapter 1 Literature Review of the Sequence of Tenses
• 1.1 Studies on the Sequence of Tenses Abroad
• 1.1.1 Quirk at al's Study of the Sequence of Tenses
• 1.1.2 F.R.Palmer's Study of the Sequence of Tenses
• 1.2 Studies on the Sequence of Tenses in China
• 1.2.1 Zhang Daozhen's Study of the Sequence of Tenses
• 1.2.2 Zhang Zhenbang's Study of the Sequence of Tenses
• 1.2.3 Qin Yuxiang's Study of the Sequence of Tenses
• 1.2.4 Bo Bing's Study of the Sequence of Tenses
• 1.3 Comments on the Previous Studies on the Sequence of Tenses
• 1.3.1 Comments on the Definition of the Sequence of Tenses
• 1.3.2 Comments on the Scope of the Sequence of Tenses
• 1.3.3 Comments on the Criterion for the Sequence of Tenses
• 1.3.4 Comments on the Cognitive Basis of the Sequence of Tenses
• 1.4 Summary
• Chapter 2 Theoretical Framework
• 2.1 Language and Cognition
• 2.2 Cognitive Linguistics and Language Research
• 2.2.1 Cognitive Linguistics
• 2.2.2 A Cognitive Approach to Language Research
• 2.2.3 Metaphor
• 2.2.4 Image Schema
• 2.3 Summary
• Chapter 3 The Sequence of Tenses of English Verbs and Its Criterion
• 3.1 The Sequence of Tenses
• 3.2 The Criterion of the Sequence of Tenses
• 3.2.1 The "Form Concord" Criterion
• 3.2.1.1 The Connotation of the "Form Concord" Criterion
• 3.2.1.2 Limitations of the "Form Concord" Criterion
• 3.2.2 The "Meaning Concord" Criterion
• 3.2.2.1 The Meaning of the Tense of English Verbs
• 3.2.2.2 The Connotation of the "Meaning Concord" Criterion
• 3.2.3 The Cognitive Basis of the "Meaning Concord" Criterion
• 3.2.3.1 Tense as an Outcome of Cognition
• 3.2.3.2 Sequencing of Tenses as a Cognitive Process
• 3.2.3.3 The Criterion of the Sequence of Tenses as the Objective Reflection of Co（?）（?）les
• 3.3 Summary
• Chapter 4 A Meaning-Concord Account of the Sequence of Tenses of English Verbs
• 4.1 A Meaning-Concord Account of the Sequence of Tenses in Its Narrow Sense
• 4.1.1 A Meaning-Concord Account of the Backshift of the Present Tense
• 4.1.2 A Meaning-Concord Account of the Non-Backshift of the Present Tense
• 4.1.3 A Meaning-Concord Account of the Backshift of the Past Tense
• 4.1.4 A Meaning-Concord Account of the Non-Backshift of the Past Tense
• 4.2 A Meaning-Concord Account of the Sequence of Tenses in Its Broad Sense
• 4.2.1 A Meaning-Concord Account of the Sequence of Tenses in Other Complex Sentences
• 4.2.2 A Meaning-Concord Account of the Sequence of Tenses in Different Texts
• 4.3 Summary
• Conclusion
• 1.Work Done in the Research
• 2.Main Discoveries of the Research
• 3.Limitations of the Research
• Bibliography
• Acknowledgements