论文摘要
学习是每个人终身面临的任务。关心学习的研究一直是教育界探讨的重要内容之一,当代教育界和心理学界已经认识到,教育的根本目标是使学生成为独立、自主、有效的学习者。所以,现今外语教学的研究重点正逐渐从“如何教”向“如何学”过渡,从研究“教师”向研究“学生”过渡。学习策略一直被认为是帮助学习者进行自主学习有效吸收的重要因素之一,所以学习者所使用的语言学习策略受到研究人员的广泛关注。语言学习策略的研究始于20世纪70年代中期,在语言习得中占有重要地位。研究的问题主要涉及:(1)善学语言者使用的策略;(2)善学语言者与不善学者在使用策略上的差异;(3)策略的使用与第二语言成绩的关系;(4)影响语言策略使用的因素;(5)语言策略培训的方式及其成效。我国学习策略的研究开始于上世纪80年代,但更多地集中在对大学生学习策略的研究上,而针对中学生的研究并不多见。本次研究以初中生为研究对象,旨在调查他们英语学习策略的使用特点,高、低分组学生在学习策略使用上的差异以及学习策略与英语成绩的相关关系,以期发现初中生英语学习策略的使用对英语成绩可能产生的积极作用。本次研究主要通过问卷调查并辅以访谈收集数据,运用定量分析与定性分析相结合的办法处理数据。本次研究结果显示:(1)总体来说,初中生对英语学习策略的使用停留在“有时使用”这一水平。在被调查的六类学习策略中,元认知策略是学生最经常使用的,其次是社交策略,认知策略,情感策略和补偿策略,而使用频率最低的是记忆策略。初中生的英语学习策略的使用特点可能是由应试教育式的初中英语教学,初中生的生理特点及其所处的英语学习环境等诸多因素造成的。(2)高分组学生比低分组学生能更好地运用学习策略。高分组学生不仅比低分组学生更频繁地使用学习策略,而且两者在记忆策略,认知策略,元认知策略,情感策略和社交策略的使用上存在显著差异。(3)六类策略与英语成绩显著相关。学习策略在整体上对英语成绩具有中度的预测力。认知策略对英语成绩具有显著的正向预测力。该研究的结论对现实的初中英语教学也有很大的启示。在外语教学中,教师应加强学生学习策略的培养,把学习策略的培训融入到日常教学中,培养学生的学习策略观念,提高他们的学习策略意识,帮助他们在学习活动中根据自己的语言发展阶段和具体的语言学习任务,有针对性地、灵活地、恰当地运用各种学习策略。
论文目录
Acknowledgements摘要AbstractList of TablesList of AbbreviationsChapter One Introduction1.1 Research Background1.2 Significance of the Study1.3 Purpose of the Study1.4 The General Organization of the DissertationChapter Two Literature Review2.1 Defining Learning Strategies2.2 Classifying Language Learning Strategies2.2.1 Rubin’s (1987) Classification2.2.2 O’Malley and Chamot’s (1990) Classification2.2.3 Oxford’s (1990) Classification2.2.4 Stern’s (1992) Classification2.2.5 Cohen’s (1998) Classification2.2.6 Wen Qiufang’s (1993) Classification2.2.7 Problems in Classifying Strategies2.3 Characteristics of Language Learning Strategies2.3.1 Ellis’Summary of the Characteristics2.3.2 Oxford’s Summary of the Characteristics2.4 Factors Influencing Language Learning Strategies2.4.1 Learner factors2.4.1.1 Age2.4.1.2 Attitudes2.4.1.3 Learners’Beliefs2.4.1.4 Motivation2.4.1.5 Personality2.4.2 Social and Situational Factors2.5 The Relationship between Language Learning Strategies and English Achievement2.5.1 Related Studies by Foreign Researchers2.5.2 Related Studies by Domestic ResearchersChapter Three Methodology3.1 Research Questions3.2 Subjects3.3 Instruments3.3.1 A Written Questionnaire3.3.2 The Senior High School Entrance Exam of English (2007)3.3.3 Group Interviews3.3.4 SPSS 10.0 for Windows3.4 Data Collection Procedures3.5 Data AnalysisChapter Four Results and Discussion4.1 The Characteristics of Learning Strategies Used by the Subjects4.1.1 The Subjects’Overall Use of the Six Strategy Categories4.1.2 The Subjects’Individual Strategy Use within the Framework of the Six Strategy Categories4.1.2.1 Results and Analyses of Use of Memory Strategies4.1.2.2 Results and Analyses of Use of Cognitive Strategies4.1.2.3 Results and Analyses of Use of Compensation Strategies4.1.2.4 Results and Analyses of Use of Metacognitive Strategies4.1.2.5 Results and Analyses of Use of Affective Strategies4.1.2.6 Results and Analyses of Use of Social Strategies4.2 The Differences in Strategy Use between High and Low Achievement Groups4.3 The Correlation between Learning Strategies and English Achievement4.3.1 The Correlation between Each Learning Strategy Category and English Achievement4.3.2 The Predictive Power of the Overall Six Learning Strategy Categories and of Each Learning Strategy Category on English AchievementChapter Five Conclusion and Implications5.1 Summary of Major Findings5.1.1 The General Characteristics of Learning Strategies Employed by the Third-Year Middle School Students5.1.2 The Differences in Strategy Use Between High and Low English Achievement Groups5.1.3 The Correlation between Learning Strategy Use and English Achievement5.2 Implications5.2.1 Raising English Teachers’Awareness of the Importance of Learning Strategy5.2.2 Raising Students’Awareness of Learning Strategy Use through Strategy Training5.3 Limitation of the Study and Suggestions for Further ResearchReferencesAppendix个人简历List of Publications
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