对隐喻本质的重新思考

论文摘要

中外学者公认,相似性在隐喻构建中是不可或缺的,相似性是隐喻的本质。若没有源域和目标域的相似,任何隐喻均是无本之木。因此,研究隐喻的一个重点应是对隐喻中相似性的探讨。近年来,人们对隐喻的研究取得了丰硕的成果。相比之下,对隐喻相似性的专门研究并不多见。尽管众家对此有不同程度的涉及,但是由于各自论述重点的不同,没有人做全面的研究。在传统语言学中,隐喻中的相似性被认为是必然的。认知语言学则认为隐喻中的相似性并不是必然的,而是由人们的心理认知创造的。作者认为,认知学派的观点符合人们日常理解隐喻的认知心理过程。本文则从多元视角考察隐喻的本质,认为相似性只是隐喻本质的一个方面,而其另一方面则是模糊;隐喻中的相似性是主观的,显性的,相对的,而隐喻中的模糊性是客观的,隐性的,固有的。隐喻中的模糊性是潜逻辑规律的反映,是心理范畴化的结果,更是人类模糊思维的产物。本文旨在通过对隐喻本质的重新思考为隐喻研究提供一个重要窗口:隐喻遵循的是潜逻辑规律,它离不开心理范畴化,更离不开模糊思维。

论文目录

• 摘要
• Abstract
• Introduction
• Chapter 1 Similarity ─ Essence of Metaphor
• 1.1 Similarity in Classical Rhetoric
• 1.1.1 Views on Similarity at Home
• 1.1.2 Views on Similarity Abroad
• 1.2 Similarity in Cognitive Linguistics
• 1.2.1 Richards’View
• 1.2.2 Black’s View
• 1.2.3 Lakoff’s View
• 1.2.4 Indurkhya’s View
• 1.3 Summary
• Chapter 2 Re-accounting for Similarity in Metaphor
• 2.1 Types of Similarity
• 2.1.1 Physical Similarity
• 2.1.2 Psychological Similarity
• 2.1.3 Interrelationship Between Physical Similarity and Psychological Similarity
• 2.2 Mapping of Similarity
• 2.2.1 From the Concrete Domain to the Abstract Domain
• 2.2.2 From the Concrete Domain to the Concrete Domain
• 2.2.3 From the Abstract Domain to the Abstract Domain
• 2.2.4 From the Abstract Domain to the Concrete Domain
• 2.3 Cognitive Construction of Similarity
• 2.3.1 Genus-species Relation of Concepts and Similarity
• 2.3.2 Analogical Inference and Similarity
• 2.4 Characteristics of Similarity
• 2.4.1 Similarity Is Subjective
• 2.4.2 Similarity Is Dominant
• 2.4.3 Similarity Is Relative
• Chapter 3 Fuzziness ─ Another Aspect of Essence in Metaphor
• 3.1 An Introduction to Fuzziness
• 3.1.1 Zadeh and His Fuzzy Set Theory
• 3.1.2 Light Shed by Fuzzy Set Theory on Metaphor
• 3.2 Types of Fuzziness in Metaphor
• 3.2.1 Semantic Fuzziness
• 3.2.2 Categorial Fuzziness
• 3.3 Characteristics of Fuzziness
• 3.3.1 Fuzziness Is Objective
• 3.3.2 Fuzziness Is Recessive
• 3.3.3 Fuzziness Is Inherent
• 3.4 Source of Fuzziness
• 3.4.1 Recessive Logical Laws
• 3.4.2 Psychological Categorization
• 3.4.3 Fuzzy Thinking
• Conclusion
• Bibliography
• Acknowledgements
• Appendix
• 详细摘要