论文摘要
随着跨文化交际的日益频繁,跨文化语用失误问题愈加得到广泛的关注。到目前为止,人们已从二语习得、外语教学、语用规约、话语策略、认知以及跨文化交际等角度对跨文化语用失误进行了详细的分析。然而,跨文化语用失误是一个复杂的问题,仅从某一个方面分析难以找出其全部的原因。这些已经应用在失误分析中的理论只是很有限的几种,因此,本文将从一个新角度——梅伊(Mey)的语用位理论来分析跨文化语用失误。语用位理论是梅伊在阐述语用行为理论时提出的,包括三个基本概念:语用位、语用素、语用变体。语用位指泛化了的语用行为,是一种理论上的抽象,语用素指在情景中实现的语用位,语用变体指语用位的不同实现。这三个概念构成的语用位理论包含了动态性和多样性的观点,这是对语用行为理论甚至语用学的一个重要贡献。但是,梅伊对语用位理论的阐述并没有深入下去,只对语用位中的元素进行了简单的分类。因此,本文从三个方面对语用位理论作了进一步的完善:第一,运用数学中的集合概念分析语用位之间的相互作用;第二,借用物理学中的“耦合”概念分析语用素集合中元素之间的关系;第三,采用认知语言学中的范畴理论解释语用位与语用变体之间的关系。本文的主体部分即从这三个方面对跨文化语用失误进行分析。本文采用了四种分析方法:第一,对比法,即对比语用行为的实现方式;第二,图表法,用图形表格形象地表达文中较深奥的理论分析;第三,例证法,用例子证实笔者的分析;第四,案例分析法,对典型的案例进行分析,增加文章的信度。文中出现的例子、案例来源有四:第一,报刊杂志;第二,自己及朋友的亲身经历;第三,学者们对失误现象研究的著作中出现的案例;第四,英特网上一些真实的案例。通过分析,我们得出跨文化语用失误的原因有三:第一,交际者双方对于某一语用行为的语用位交集为空集时会导致跨文化语用失误;第二,交际者双方选择的语用素集合中元素之间耦合方式不相同时会导致跨文化语用失误;第三,交际者一方的语用变体超出对方语用位范畴时会导致跨文化语用失误。为了减少跨文化语用失误,基于以上三种分析结果,笔者对跨文化交际者们提出三点建议:第一,了解、认同对方的语用位;第二,根据对方语用素集合中元素耦合的方式采取适当的语用行为;第三,使用对方语用位范畴中的类典型而非边缘成员,同时限制语用变体的范围。
论文目录
摘要AbstractIntroduction0.1 Significance of Cross-cultural Pragmatic Failure Study0.2 Literature Review0.2.1 Relative Studies on Cross-cultural Pragmatic Failure0.2.2 Relative Studies on Pragmeme Theory0.3 Objective of This Study0.4 Originality and Feasibility of This Study0.5 Methodology and Organization of This ThesisChapter 1 Theoretical Framework1.1 Mey’s Pragmatic Act Theory1.2 Difference Between Pragmatic Act Theory and Speech Act Theory1.3 Five Key Notions of Mey’s Pragmatic Act Theory1.3.1 Setting Up1.3.2 Uptaking1.3.3 Common Scene1.3.4 Affordances and Constraints1.3.5 Nonverbal Elements1.4 Pragmeme Theory1.5 An Elaboration on Pragmeme Theory1.5.1 Set of Pragmeme1.5.2 Coupling of Elements of Pract Set1.5.3 Category of Pragmeme and Range of AllopractsChapter 2 On Cross-cultural Pragmatic Failure from the Set of Pragmeme2.1 Introduction to Set2.2 The Universe Set and the Subset of Pragmeme2.3 Intersection of Pragmeme Subsets2.4 On Cross-cultural Pragmatic Failure from the Intersection of Pragmeme Subsets2.4.1 On Specificity of Cross-cultural Pragmatic Failure from the Intersection of Pragmeme Subsets2.4.2 On Universality of Cross-cultural Pragmatic Failure from the Intersection of Pragmeme Subsets2.5 SummaryChapter 3 On Cross-cultural Pragmatic Failure from the Coupling of Elements of Pract Set3.1 What is Coupling?3.2 The Coupling of Elements of Pract Set3.2.1 The Coupling of Elements of Activity Part3.2.2 The Coupling of Elements of Textual Part3.2.3 The Coupling of Elements Between Activity Part and Textual Part3.2.4 The Patterns of Elements Coupling3.3 On Cross-cultural Pragmatic Failure from the Different Patterns of Coupling3.4 SummaryChapter 4 On Cross-cultural Pragmatic Failure from the Category of Pragmeme and the Range of Allopract4.1 Factors Associated with Allopract4.1.1 Ethnic Factors4.1.2 Regional Factors4.1.3 Social Status Factors4.1.4 Gender Factors4.1.5 Age Factors4.1.6 Psychological Factors4.1.7 Personality Factors4.2 The Category of Pragmeme and the Range of Allopract4.3 On Cross-culture Pragmatic Failure from the Category of Pragmeme and the Range of Allopract4.4 SummaryConclusionNotesReferencesAcknowledgementAppendix A: Publications During the ProgramAppendix B: Informative Chinese Abstract
相关论文文献
标签:跨文化语用失误论文; 语用行为理论论文; 语用位理论论文; 语用位论文; 语用素论文; 语用变体论文;