从意识形态差异的角度看《论语》的英译

论文摘要

《论语》是儒家学派的经典著作之一,集中体现了孔子的政治主张、伦理思想、道德观念及其教育原则等。《论语》深刻地影响着中国乃至世界的意识形态和文化。在过去的二十年中,关于《论语》英译本的研究吸引了越来越多学者的注意。但是这些研究大多集中在译本的比较分析方面,很少有从意识形态的角度去研究的。本论文就是从译者意识形态差异的角度去研究《论语》的英译本。意识形态是一个复杂的哲学概念。本论文从社会学的角度去理解意识形态。翻译是有目的的行为,不可避免地会受到特定目的和特定意识形态的影响。基于“翻译适应选择论”,本论文探讨了意识形态与翻译的关系,然后通过对比理雅各和辜鸿铭的译本去分析二者之间的关系。由于不同的生活背景,理雅各和辜鸿铭形成了不同的意识形态,因此,对一些核心概念,例如仁、礼、天、道、君子/小人,二者的翻译有着明显的不同。受基督教意识形态的影响,为了给其他传教士展现一个全面而地道的《论语》,从而更好地服务于传教事业,理雅各采用字对字翻译,同时引用了大量的中国学者所做的评注。他把异化策略作为其译本的主要翻译策略。理雅各译本的最显著的特点就是忠实于原文。与理雅各截然不同,辜鸿铭是一个彻底的文化保守主义者,他的文化保守主义意识形态也影响到了他对《论语》的翻译。受文化保守主义意识形态的影响,辜鸿铭尽力宣传中国文化的优点,坚持中国文化优于西方文化。他主要采取归化的翻译策略来翻译《论语》。与理雅各的译本不同,辜鸿铭的译本带有强烈的西式风格。为了减少给西方读者带来的文化障碍,他运用西式的词汇和表达方式来翻译《论语》,并采用西方的文献资料来解释《论语》。

论文目录

• 摘要
• Abstract
• Contents
• Chapter One Introduction
• 1.1 Research Background
• 1.2 Literature Review
• 1.3 Purpose and Significance of the Study
• 1.4 Research Methodology and General Structure
• Chapter Two Reviews on Confucius and The Analects
• 2.1 Confucius and Confucianism
• 2.2 Introduction of The Analects
• 2.3 The Major English Versions of The Analects at Home and Abroad
• Chapter Three Ideology Differences and Translation
• 3.1 Definition of Ideology
• 3.1.1 History of Ideology
• 3.1.2 Classification of Ideology
• 3.1.3 Ideology Understood in This Paper
• 3.2 Ideology and Translation
• 3.2.1 Approach to Translation as Adaptation and Selection
• 3.2.2 The Influences of Ideology on Translation
• 3.3 Ideology Differences of James Legge and Ku Hungming
• 3.3.1 Ideology of James Legge
• 3.3.2 Ideology of Ku Hungming
• 3.4 Summary
• Chapter Four Case Studies on English Versions of The Analects Under the Influencesof Different Ideologies
• 4.1 Different Translations of Ren
• 4.1.1 Connotations and Denotations of Ren in The Analects
• 4.1.2 Legge's and Ku's Different Translations of Ren
• 4.2 Different Translations of Li
• 4.2.1 Connotations and Denotations of Li in The Analects
• 4.2.2 Legge's and Ku's Different Translations of Li
• 4.3 Different Translations of Tian
• 4.3.1 Connotations and Denotations of Tian in The Analects
• 4.3.2 Legge's and Ku's Different Translations of Tian
• 4.4 Different Translations of Dao
• 4.4.1 Connotations and Denotations of Dao in The Analects
• 4.4.2 Legge's and Ku's Different Translations of Dao
• 4.5 Different Translations of Junzi/Xiaoren
• 4.5.1 Connotations and Denotations of Junzi/Xiaoren in The Analects
• 4.5.2 Legge's and Ku's Different Translations of Junzi/Xiaoren
• 4.6 Summary
• Chapter Five Translation Strategies Under the Influences of Ideology Differences
• 5.1 Foreignization and Domestication
• 5.2 Foreignization Strategy Adopted in Legge's Version
• 5.2.1 The Reasons for Legge's Adoption of Foreignization
• 5.2.2 Characteristics of Legge's Version Guided by the Foreignization Strategy
• 5.3 Domestication Strategy Adopted in Ku's Version
• 5.3.1 The Reasons for Ku's Adoption of Domestication
• 5.3.2 Characteristics of Ku's Version Guided by the Domestication Strategy
• 5.4 Summary
• Chapter Six Conclusion
• 6.1 Summary of the Study
• 6.2 Limitations of the Study and Recommendations for Further Studies
• Bibliography
• Acknowledgements
• Publication