中国法庭口译现状分析及培训模式初探

论文摘要

法庭口译是保证被告人权利的重要方式。由于法庭口译不准确可能会导致误判等严重错误。本文首先介绍了法庭口译的定义、历史、工作模式、法庭口译的功能。法庭口译是指诉讼当事人或证人在不能理解或表达庭审使用的官方语言,而可能导致庭审困难或判决不公正时可获得的口译服务。口译的内容包括法官、律师和诉讼当事人的话。法庭口译的程序严格遵守中国法庭审理程序的进程,即开庭,法庭调查,法庭辩论,最终陈述,宣判。译者的身份即“在保留与说话人相同语体的条件下确切翻译所陈述的内容”。译者不得进行总结、同义替换、解释或者给出个人观点。法律英语有其特点,比如同时使用模糊和准确的表达,用语严谨,并使用一些浮华的词汇。在做法庭口译时,口译员应特别注意几个技术性问题,如听说同步、在传达源语意义的同时如何保留说话人的语体、采取逐字翻译还是意译,以及法庭上使用的两种语言所包含的文化差异。在提到法庭口译人员的疲劳问题时,作者提出了采取团队口译的解决方法。本文还分析了中国法庭口译的总体特点、教学和培训现状,包括师资、教材和教学手段等。最后,本文提出了三种训练模式以提高中国法庭口译教学的质量。第一种针对偶尔从事法庭口译工作,但从未接受正规法庭口译训练的双语人员,此培训可以提高他们的专业性,这种包括介绍职业概况、口译技巧与模式、法庭环境、法庭程序、口译员的职责、法律专业词汇、自学材料与练习环节,还有证书考试与自我评估。另一种则针对在工作中已经具备较扎实的法庭与法庭程序、了解译者行为标准并接受过相关正式培训的口译员,主要侧重口译技能、口译模式等方面。最后一种模式则为高级法庭口译员所设。

论文目录

• Acknowledgements
• Abstract
• 摘要
• Chapter 1 Introduction
• 1.1 Background of the Study on Court Interpreting
• 1.2 The Significance of This Study
• 1.3 Purpose of This Study
• 1.4 Overall Structure of the Thesis
• Chapter 2 Overview of Court Interpreting
• 2.1 Definition and Purpose of Court Interpreting
• 2.2 History of Court Interpreting
• 2.3 Classification and Functions of Court Interpreting
• 2.3.1 Classification of Court Interpreting
• 2.3.2 Interpreting Functions
• 2.4 Procedures of Court Interpreting
• 2.4.1 Calling a Court to Order
• 2.4.2 Court Investigation
• 2.4.3 Court Debate
• 2.4.4 Final Statement
• 2.4.5 Sentencing
• 2.5 The Role of the Interpreter
• 2.5.1 Definition of the Role of Interpreter and the Importance of the Court Interpreter
• 2.5.2 Dos and Dons of Court Interpreter
• Chapter 3 The English Language of Law and Some Technical Problems of Court Interpreting
• 3.1 The English Language of Law
• 3.1.1 Origin of Court Interpreting English
• 3.1.2 Characteristics of English Legal Language
• 3.1.3 Characteristics of Words and Sentences of Legal English
• 3.2 Technical Problems
• 3.2.1 Listening and Speaking at the Same Time
• 3.2.2 Register
• 3.2.3 Preventing Fatigue of Court Interpreters
• 3.2.4 Verbatim Requirement vs. Meaning-based Translation
• 3.2.5 Culture
• Chapter 4 Present Situation of Training of Court Interpreting
• 4.1 Regulations of Court Interpreting
• 4.2 General Characteristics of Court Interpreting in China
• 4.3 Present Situation of Teaching and Training of Court Interpreters in China
• 4.3.1 Teachers and Trainers
• 4.3.2 Teaching Textbooks and Other Materials
• 4.3.3 Teaching Methodologies
• Chapter 5 Three Modes of Training
• 5.1 Training for Court Interpreters
• 5.2 Mode One –Starting Level Training
• 5.2.1 General Introduction of the Profession
• 5.2.2 Introduction of Courts and the Court Environment
• 5.2.3 Guidance of Glossary of Court System and Legal Terminology and Other Self-study Materials
• 5.2.4 Certification Examinations and Self- assessment
• 5.3 Mode Two -- Intermediate Level Training
• 5.3.1 Overview of Interpreting Skills
• 5.3.2 Different Modes of Interpreting
• 5.3.3 Terminology and Research Resources
• 5.3.4 Ethical Issues and Professional Conduct
• 5.4 Mode Three -- the Advanced Level Training
• Chapter 6 Conclusion
• 6.1 Major Findings
• 6.2 Significance and Implication of This Study
• 6.3 Limitations and Future Research
• References