《还乡》三译本语用对比分析

论文摘要

托马斯·哈代是英国最杰出的乡土小说家。其小说《还乡》笔触细腻生动,具有深刻的思想内容,以及戏剧化的情节结构,是作者深刻思想内容与创作艺术的结晶。著名翻译家张谷若于1958年和1991年11月出版《还乡》的中文译作,学者王守仁也于1998年5月出版该书译作。本文从语用学视角,分析比较《还乡》的上述三个译本。语用学是一门新兴学科,研究的是说话者如何使用语言实现成功交际的问题。语用学对文学文本的翻译具有重要的理论借鉴和实践应用价值。本文尝试把语用学应用于哈代小说翻译的研究,探索文学、语言学及翻译的跨学科研究方法。小说《还乡》的翻译中,每章标题和乡间土语翻译中的最大问题是文体选择,主要人物的对话翻译则需着重考虑言语行为的再现,而心理描写和文化负荷语段的翻译涉及心理、文化语境因素。所以,本文主体部分分别选取语用学中的语域理论、言语行为理论和语境理论从上述三方面对《还乡》三译本进行对比分析。全文由引言、正文和结论组成:引言部分简介小说《还乡》及其三个中文译本,概述语用学的主要研究对象,指出运用语用学理论对比分析三译本的可行性。第一章首先概述哈代的作品、地位及国内外哈代研究和哈代翻译现状。然后简述语用学的定义、两大流派及发展现状,并把语用学与文学翻译结合起来,论述从语用学角度对比分析《还乡》三个中文译本的可行性。第二章以韩礼德的语域理论为依据,从翻译中如何根据语场、语旨和语式的异同再现原文语域特征的角度,对比分析《还乡》三个中文译本中的每章标题翻译和独特人物克锐这一形象的语言描写翻译,从中见出张谷若第二个译本的标题翻译最为出色,而其两个译本中对克锐这个人物的语言描写翻译也较王守仁更胜一筹。第三章主要以塞尔关于施为性言语行为的分类和间接言语行为理论为基础,从具体言语行为再现的角度,对比分析《还乡》三个中文译本中对话描写的翻译,从中见出,张谷若两译本的对话翻译远胜过王守仁的译本。第四章从维索尔伦的顺应论入手,从语境因素如何影响译者选择目的语语言和目的语读者如何理解的角度,对比分析《还乡》三个中文译本中的心理描写翻译和文化负荷语段翻译,从中见出,两译者在这两方面翻译各有得失,张谷若的翻译略胜一筹。结论部分总结上述分析对比,指出《还乡》三个译本各有得与失。总体来讲,张谷若两译本更多的选取符合中国社会、文化、语言等习惯的汉语,而王守仁的译本更多的保留原文的形式,从语用角度来看,张谷若两译本尤其是第二个译本更为出色。

论文目录

• 摘要
• Abstract
• Introduction
• Chapter 1 Translation of Hardy’s The Return of the Native in the Perspective of Pragmatics
• 1.1 Thomas Hardy and the Three Chinese Versions of Hardy’s The Return of the Native
• 1.1.1 Hardy’s Status in English Literature and Hardy Studies in China
• 1.1.2 The Return of the Native: Plot, Setting and Characters
• 1.1.3 Three Chinese Versions of The Return of the Native
• 1.1.3.1 Two Translators of The Return of the Native
• 1.1.3.2 Three Chinese Versions of The Return of the Native
• 1.2 Pragmatics and its Application to the Translation of The Return of the Native
• 1.2.1 Definition of Pragmatics and its Two Major Traditions
• 1.2.2 Current Situation and Developing Tendency of Pragmatics
• 1.2.3 Pragmatics and its Application to the Translation of The Return of the Native
• Chapter 2 Register Theory and Choices of Style in Three Chinese Versions of The Return of the Native
• 2.1 Register Theory
• 2.2 Application of Register Theory to Contrastive Analyses of Choices of Style of Three Chinese Versions of The Return of the Native
• 2.2.1 Application of Register Theory to Contrastive Analyses of Subtitle Translation of Three Chinese Versions of The Return of the Native
• 2.2.2 Application of Register Theory to Contrastive Analyses of Dialogue Translation of Three Chinese Versions of The Return of the Native
• Chapter 3 Speech Act Theory and Dialogue Translation in The Return of the Native
• 3.1 Speech Act Theory
• 3.1.1 Austin’s Model of Speech Acts
• 3.1.2 Searle’s Speech Act Theory
• 3.1.2.1 Searle’s Classification of Speech Acts
• 3.1.2.2 Indirect Speech Act
• 3.2 Application of Speech Act Theory to Contrastive Analyses of Dialogue Translation of Three Chinese Versions of The Return of the Native
• Chapter 4 Context Theory and Translation of Psychological Descriptions and Cultural Loaded Discourse in The Return of the Native
• 4.1 Context Theory
• 4.2 Application of Context Theory to Contrastive Analyses of Translation of Psychological Descriptions of Three Chinese Versions of The Return of the Native
• 4.3 Application of Context Theory to Contrastive Analyses of Translation of Cultural Loaded Discourse of Three Chinese Versions of The Return of the Native
• Conclusion
• Bibliography
• Acknowledgements
• Appendix A（攻读学位期间发表论文目录）