中西方归化、异化翻译策略对比研究 ——从Lost in Translation的中文影名翻译说开去

论文摘要

直译与异化,意译与归化似乎已成为翻译界的两对等同概念。因此对晚清学者严复和林纾的翻译作品,多数人默认他们的意译就是典型的归化翻译。这种“想当然”看法的根源是,许多人没有厘清上述两组概念的关系,简单将中国式的直译意译等同于西方翻译理论家,特别是劳伦斯·韦努蒂的异化归化。本文对比研究这两组概念的中西发展历史,并重点借用韦努蒂的异化归化观,重新审视严、林二人的翻译作品。研究发现,中国翻译学者对直译意译的理解主要停留在语言层面。虽然偶尔也有学者提出异化归化的观点,却没有将这些观点发展成一套理论。韦努蒂则通过总结西方国家近两百年的翻译史,创立了一套新的体系。他指出判断译文是异化还是归化,首先取决于选材,然后才是语言,同时还要兼顾译文在目的语文化中所起的作用。最后他强调直译、意译都可以成为异化翻译策略,异化不一定比归化更忠实于原文,有时还会导致“扭曲忠实”(abusive fidelity)。严、林二人的多数翻译作品,在选材上挑战了当时的本土文学翻译经典;在语言上频频违反文言的“戒律”;在文化层面上,引进了西方先进思想学说,改变了世人对小说的鄙夷态度,让他们看到西方世界的美丽与丑恶,同时唤醒国人要拿起武器,学习西方,振兴中华。因此,我们认为把严、林二人的翻译作品当作是归化翻译的典范就有失偏颇。

论文目录

• 摘要
• ABSTRACT
• CONTENTS
• Chapter 1 Introduction
• 1.1 Rationale and Significance of This Study
• 1.1.1 Rationale
• 1.1.2 Significance
• 1.2 Research Questions
• 1.3 Research Methodology and Data Collection
• 1.4 Organization of the Thesis
• Chapter 2 Literature Review
• 2.1 Debates over Literal Translation and Free Translation in China
• 2.1.1 The Origin of Translation: Buddhist Sutra Translation
• 2.1.2 Translation in the Modern Era: Reverence to Source Text and Readability for Readers
• 2.2 Debates over Literal Translation and Free Translation in the West
• 2.2.1 The Origin of Translation as an Oratory and its Relation to Empire
• 2.2.2 Translation in its Relation to Enriching One's Mother Tongue
• 2.2 3 Translation for Broadening the Individual Minds and Cultures
• 2.2.4 Translation in its Relation to Religion
• 2.2.5 Translation in its Relation to Post-Structuralism
• Chapter 3 Theoretical Framework
• 3.1 Brief Introductions to Lawrence Venuti's Representative Works
• 3.2 Venuti's Definition of Foreignization
• 3.3 Venuti's Ideas of Domestication
• 3.4 Elements of Foreignization and Domestication Respectively
• 3.4.1 The Choice of Foreign Texts
• 3.4.2 Discursive Features to Conceal or to Reveal the Foreignness
• 3.5 The Purposes of Domestication and Foreignization Respectively
• 3.5.1 The Translator's Invisibility or Visibility
• 3.5.2 Maintenance or Overthrow of the Traditional Author-Translator/Original Texts and Translations Relationship
• 3.5.3 The Reformation of Cultural Identities
• 3.6 Summary
• Chapter 4 Case Studies
• 4.1 Lin Shu's Translations
• 4.1.1 Traditional Views on Lin's Fiction Translations
• 4.1.2 New Perspectives on Reappraising Lin Shu's Translations
• 4.1.3 Summary
• 4.2 Yan Fu's Translations
• 4.2.1 Overview of Yan Fu's Works
• 4.2.2 New Insights into Yan Fu's Translation Works
• 4.2.3 Summary
• 4.3 The Chinese Version for the Film's Title "Lost in Translation"
• 4.3.1 A Brief on the Film "Lost in Translation"
• 4.3.2 A Domesticated Translation from a New Vantage Point
• 4.4 Summary
• Chapter 5 Conclusion
• 5.1 Limitations
• 5.2 Conclusion
• REFERENCES
• ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS
• APPENDIX A
• APPENDIX B