爱欲与死欲—用弗洛伊德精神分析学分析《无名的裘德》

论文摘要

托马斯·哈代（1840-1928）是跨越十九、二十世纪的英国著名小说家兼诗人。多年来他最后的、最凄凉的一部小说——《无名的裘德》引起了学术界的极大关注。笔者认为这部小说的主旨是个人无法冲破掌管其生活、决定其命运的来自外部社会和内在心理的牵绊。通过对十九世纪被压抑的性和爱的深刻描写,哈代开创了小说创作的一个新时代,而他对人物内心心理的透彻洞察丝毫不逊色于二十世纪的心理学家们。在弗洛伊德提出精神分析理论之前托马斯·哈代已经在其小说作品中展现出对精神分析的灵活运用。笔者试图运用弗洛伊德的精神分析理论对《无名的裘德》的爱欲与死欲主题进行解读。爱欲是一种强烈的本能冲动,它能为人类实现理想和抱负提供强大的能量和动力。如果爱欲被合理的利用和释放,它对人类的帮助是不言而喻的。但毫无克制的释放爱欲会伤害到自己和他人。死欲是人类的终极归宿,它可以毁灭任何人和事物,包括自身。笔者通过剖析作品中主要人物的人格结构来具体分析他们的爱欲和死欲。总之,爱欲和死欲是决定人物生活和命运的主要因素。人类的生存需要爱欲来予以维持,同时人类也要合理有效的利用爱欲。暂时闪现的死欲不可避免,人类要合理转化死欲才能得以生存。

论文目录

• ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS
• ABSTRACT
• 摘要
• Chapter I INTRODUCTION
• 1.1 Objective of the research
• 1.2 Significance of the research
• 1.3 The structure of this paper
• Chapter II LITERATURE REVIEW
• 2.1 Thomas Hardy’s life and works
• 2.2 A brief introduction to the novel Jude the Obscure
• 2.3 Research background
• 2.3.1 Research on Jude the Obscure in China
• 2.3.2 Research on Jude the Obscure in the West
• Chapter III THEORETICAL FRAMEWORK
• 3.1 The development of Freudian Psychoanalysis
• 3.2 The key theories of Freudian Psychoanalysis
• 3.2.1 Personality Structure Theory: Id, Ego and Superego
• 3.2.2 Life Instinct （Eros） and Death Instinct （Thanatos）
• 3.2.3 The Oedipus Complex
• Chapter IV THE PSYCHOANALYSIS OF EROS AND THANATOS IN JUDE THE OBSCURE
• 4.1 Psychoanalysis of Eros in Jude the Obscure
• 4.1.1 Eros between Arabella and Jude
• 4.1.1.1 Arabella’s Pleasure Principle and her Id
• 4.1.1.2 The conflict between Jude's spirit and flesh
• 4.1.2 Eros between Jude and Sue
• 4.1.2.1 The conflict between Jude’s Id, Ego and Superego
• 4.1.2.2 Sue’s Narcissism
• 4.1.3 Eros between Phillotson and Sue
• 4.1.3.1 The victory of Phillotson’s Ego and Superego over Id
• 4.1.3.2 Sue’s Sadism and Masochism
• 4.1.4 Eros between Little Father Time and Sue—Oedipus Complex
• 4.2 Analysis of Thanatos in Jude the Obscure
• 4.2.1 Thanatos in Jude’s life
• 4.2.2 Thanatos in Little Father Time’s life
• 4.2.3 Thanatos in Sue’s spirit
• Chapter V PSYCHOANALYTIC STUDY ON THE SYMBOLS CONCERNING EROS AND THANATOS IN JUDE THE OBSCURE
• 5.1 Symbols concerning settings and objects
• 5.1.1 Eros symbols—pig, bird
• 5.1.2 Thanatos symbols—Christminster, fog and rain
• 5.2 Symbolic characters
• 5.2.1 Eros symbol—Arabella
• 5.2.2 Thanatos symbol—Little Father Time
• Chapter VI CONCLUSION
• WORKS CITED
• 攻读硕士学位期间发表的论文