论文摘要
多数动植物重要经济性状是遗传率较低的数量性状,其遗传分析精度较低。为提高其精度,植物遗传工作者一直在探索。在玉米、棉花和黄瓜等株型较大植物的QTL定位研究中,常常采用F2∶3设计,即将F2单株衍生的F2∶3家系平均数作为F2单株的遗传型值进行遗传分析,以减少试验误差,提高试验精度。早期的F2∶3设计忽略了异质家系的混合分布,只是将F2∶3家系平均数作为F2个体的遗传型值,套用F2模型进行分析。Zhang&Xu(2004)研究表明,这一忽视会显著降低QTL检测功效。这一结果还被Hu(2006)等从胚乳性状角度和Zhu(2007)等从抗性性状角度加以证实。因此,利用QTL异质F2∶3家系内的混合分布是十分必要的。就F2∶3设计的进展来说,目前的F2∶3设计的QTL定位基本上局限于单QTL分析,虽然Zhang等(2004)提出了F2∶3设计的多QTL的Bayesian压缩估计分析方法,但未作细致的模拟研究,也无实际资料的应用研究;至于上位性检测,还未见报道。为了更好的指导遗传分析实践,有必要发展F2∶3设计的多QTL定位方法。本研究基于F2∶3设计目前存在的问题,应用Bayesian压缩估计方法,提出解决方案,并将其拓展到上位性检测。其研究内容和结果如下:1) F2∶3设计全基因组标记的Bayesian分析。考虑异质F2∶3家系的混合分布能提高QTL检测功效和作图精度;同时,用多QTL模型检测QTL会提高QTL检测的功效。因而,在利用QTL异质F2∶3家系内混合分布基础上,提出了F2∶3设计全基因组标记联合分析的Bayesian压缩估计方法。Monte Carlo模拟研究表明:该新方法优于传统的F2设计和区间作图(IM)法;随着F2∶3家系数或家系内植株数的增加,QTL检测功效将显著提高,QTL位置、效应的估计值越来越精确,误差方差估计值标准差越来越小。此外,还比较了QTL效应抽样的两种策略。在新策略中,新抽样得到的QTL效应不是立即被接受,而是经过比较确定是否接受。结果表明:新策略能显著提高QTL检测的功效。2) F2∶3设计全基因组多QTL的Bayesian分析。与F2∶3设计全基因组标记的Bayesian分析相比,QTL位置估计的引入将进一步完善了多标记联合分析,克服当QTL远离标记而造成定位精度不高的弊端。由此,有必要提出多QTL的Bayesian分析方法。Monte Carlo模拟研究表明:随着F2∶3家系数或家系内植株数的增加,利用多QTL的Bayesian分析方法可显著提高QTL定位精度。在抽样策略的模拟研究中,在F2∶3家系数和每家系内植株数乘积固定情况下,可通过适当提高F2∶3家系数,减少家系内植株数,来提高定位精度,即家系数比家系内植株数提供更多的信息。若F2单株数量性状观测值及衍生的F2∶3家系平均数均已获得,F2+F2∶3联合分析优于单一的F2分析或F2∶3分析。3) F2∶3设计全基因组标记间上位性检测的Bayesian分析。若模型中QTL之间存在两两互作,Bayesian压缩估计方法能检测QTL间的互作。Monte Carlo模拟研究证明,随着F2∶3家系数的增加,QTL检测功效越来越高,QTL位置及效应估计值越来越接近真值,误差方差也越来越准确;随着家系内植株数的增加,表现出同样的变化趋势。在抽样方案的研究中,在F2∶3家系数和家系内植株数乘积固定情况下,发现家系数对QTL定位结果的影响要高于家系内植株数。
论文目录
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