英文诗歌中的隐喻及其翻译初探

论文摘要

隐喻研究源远流长,可追溯到两千多年前的亚里士多德时代,但传统意义上隐喻研究一直囿于修辞领域。隐喻仅被视为装饰语言的修辞手段,如同蛋糕上的糖衣,虽美味可口,但并非不可或缺。自20世纪30年代,隐喻研究突破了修辞学范畴。各学科的专家、学者纷纷从认知科学、心理学等角度诠释隐喻。经过二千多年的发展,隐喻研究取得丰硕成果,对比理论、替代理论、互动理论、概念隐喻理论等诸多理论相继出现。但是,较少有著作详细论述隐喻的具体翻译方法。诗歌是隐喻的海洋。英文诗歌是世界文学的奇葩,是蕴藏隐喻的宝库。由于英汉两种语言分属不同语系,中西方文化迥异,社会风俗各异,语言风格大相径庭等诸多因素,探索英文诗歌中隐喻的中文译法显得任重而道远。本文详尽论述了隐喻的定义、构成等特征,系统回顾了隐喻理论的研究成果,具体探讨了诗歌与隐喻的关系、英诗中隐喻的语义结构等问题。文章以纽马克的隐喻翻译步骤为基础,尝试总结适合英文诗歌中隐喻翻译的三大策略,即(1)保留原文隐喻法、(2)隐喻转换成明喻法、(3)舍弃原文隐喻法。通过列举、剖析英文诗歌中隐喻翻译的实例,将这三大策略又细分为七类翻译方法,即①目标语中保留原语同一形象法、②用标准目标语形象代替原语形象法、③保留原语隐喻加意译法、④隐喻转化为明喻并保留原语形象法、⑤隐喻转化为明喻加意译法、⑥隐喻转化为意译法、⑦删除隐喻法。此外,本文运用许渊冲翻译诗歌的“三美”原则(音美、形美、意美),探讨英诗中隐喻翻译的实践。正如里查兹所言(1953)翻译可能是宇宙间最复杂的一种活动,翻译英诗中的隐喻也绝非易事。本文抛砖引玉,期望能对英诗隐喻翻译的理论和实践有所裨益。

论文目录

• Acknowledgements
• Abstract
• 摘要
• Chapter One Introduction
• 1.1 Purpose and Significance of the Thesis
• 1.2 Layout of the Thesis
• Chapter Two A Brief Review of Metaphor
• 2.1 The Definition of Metaphor
• 2.2 The Development of Theoretical Study of Metaphor
• 2.2.1 Comparison Theory
• 2.2.2 Substitution Theory
• 2.2.3 Interaction Theory
• 2.2.4 Cognitive Theory
• 2.3 Formation of Metaphor
• Chapter Three Metaphor in English Poetry
• 3.1 What is Poetry?
• 3.2 Relationship between Metaphor and Poetry
• 3.3 Semantic Structure of Metaphor in English Poetry
• 3.3.1 Object, Image and Sense Metaphor
• 3.3.2 Object and Image Metaphor
• 3.3.3 Object-only Metaphor
• 3.3.4 Image-only Metaphor
• Chapter Four Theories of Translating Metaphor in English Poetry
• 4.1 Translation of Metaphor and Poetry
• 4.2 Theory of Translating Metaphor from the Viewpoint of Peter Newmark
• Chapter Five Strategies of Translating Metaphor in English Poetry
• 5.1 Recurrence of Metaphor from the Source Language to the Target Language
• 5.1.1 Reproduction of the Same Image in the Target Language
• 5.1.2 Replacement of the Image in the Source Language by a Standard Target Language Image
• 5.1.3 Preservation of the Same Metaphor Combined with Sense
• 5.2 Transference of Metaphor into Simile
• 5.2.1 Metaphor into Simile Retaining the Image
• 5.2.2 Metaphor into Simile Combined with Sense
• 5.3 Desertion of Metaphor into Non-metaphor
• 5.3.1 Conversion of Metaphor to Sense
• 5.3.2 Deletion of Metaphor
• Chapter Six Practice of Translating Metaphor in English Poetry
• 6.1 Criterion for Translating Metaphor in English Poetry
• 6.2 Poem Analysis
• Chapter Seven Conclusion
• Bibliography