本文主要研究内容
作者王文语（2019）在《不同形态铝盐混凝剂的混凝特性及膜阻力机制的研究》一文中研究指出：铝盐混凝剂具有原料易得、价格低廉且性能良好等特点,目前已被广泛应用至混凝超滤(CUF)联用工艺中,以提高有机物的去除效率和改善超滤膜的过滤性能。将铝盐混凝剂投入水体后,经水解聚合反应生成一系列的铝羟基配合物,包括单体铝形态(Ala)、铝的中聚体形态(Alb)、铝的高聚体及凝胶态产物(Alc),而在CUF联用工艺中不同形态铝盐混凝剂作用机制及构效关系的对比研究尚不系统。本文基于铝盐混凝剂的不同形态,通过优化合成参数分别得到以Ala、Alb和Alc为主要形态的铝盐混凝剂,并对其处理不同水质类型水样时的混凝作用机制进行了深入研究。同时,结合絮体特性的差异,研究了超滤膜污染机制,探讨了三种铝盐形态混凝剂生成的絮体沉积在膜表面形成的滤饼层对超滤膜污染的影响,明确了适用于CUF联用工艺的最佳铝盐形态。另外,将壳聚糖(CS)与三种铝盐形态混凝剂复配,分别研究了混凝和超滤工艺的作用机制,明确了铝盐混凝剂与有机助凝剂复配的应用前景。本文的主要研究内容和结果如下所述:(1)不同形态铝盐混凝剂合成方法的研究:本文选用六水氯化铝为原料溶解得到以Ala为主要形态的铝盐混凝剂,并采用微量滴碱法控制碱化度(B)、滴碱时间、搅拌时间、温度等条件,合成提纯得到分别以Alb和Alc为主要形态的铝盐混凝剂。研究表明,高碱化度条件(B=2.4)均有利于Alb和Alc形态的生成,而高反应温度和长反应时间更有利于Alc形态的生成。将合成提纯所得的目标产品进行表征,结果显示Alb形态多呈分支状结构且聚合度较低,而Alc形态多呈棒状结构且聚合度较高。此外,由于Alc结构中含有部分水解聚合反应得到的溶胶态物质A1(OH)3,导致其表面所带的电荷密度较小。(2)不同形态铝盐混凝剂作用机制的研究:选用腐殖酸(HA)模拟水和黄河实际水为给水代表、分散黄染料水样为废水代表,结果表明随着水质类型和混凝条件的变化,三种铝盐形态混凝剂的作用机制存在明显差异。在原水pH条件下,Ala、Alb和Alc处理HA模拟水样时分别以吸附电中和、吸附架桥和网捕卷扫为主要机理;处理实际水样时分别以水解沉淀、吸附架桥和电中和、网捕卷扫和吸附电中和作用为主要去除污染物的方式;处理染料废水时Ala主要以水解沉淀和吸附电中和作用为主,而Alb和Alc多通过网捕卷扫和吸附架桥作用与染料分子结合。pH对铝盐的水解聚合反应影响较大,由于pH=4的条件限制了铝盐的水解反应,而在pH=9时的水解产物导致静电排斥和网捕卷扫作用凸显,因此pH=4和pH=9的条件分别限制了Ala和Alc形态去除污染物的能力,降低了有机物的去除效率和染料的脱色效能。(3)不同形态铝盐混凝剂对膜污染机制的影响:结合混凝动态过程中所生成的絮体特性研究,通过滤饼层污染和膜孔堵塞两方面分析了超滤膜污染机制。在原水pH条件下,三种铝盐形态混凝剂处理HA模拟水样时,Ala形成的絮体表现出较大的粒径且结构疏松,导致累积在膜表面的滤饼层疏松多孔,有利于改善膜污染;处理实际水样时,Alb在投加量为6 mg L-1时生成的絮体粒径增长尤为明显,且破碎后的絮体具有较好的恢复能力,减小了小分子物质进入膜孔,导致此条件下的总膜阻力最小。随着投加量的增加,膜污染机制逐渐由膜孔堵塞向滤饼层污染转化。此外,当pH=4时,形成的絮体粒径较小且生长至平衡阶段时较慢,容易通过浓差极化造成膜污染;随着pH不断增大至偏中性环境,絮体粒径较大且结构疏松,由于多孔的滤饼层容易通过物理方式清除,进而此条件下主要以膜孔堵塞污染为主;而在pH=9的条件下,絮体多以网捕卷扫作用形成,导致粒径较小且密实,使滤饼层成了膜污染的主要原因。(4)滤饼层对超滤膜污染的研究:三种铝盐形态混凝剂主要与HA中的羟基和羧基发生反应,其生成的絮体直接影响滤饼层的结构,进而影响超滤膜污染的轻重程度。在CUF联用工艺中,通过区域荧光强度与总荧光强度的比值可知,采用聚醚砜膜超滤时主要去除的物质类型为:微生物代谢产物、多肽、氨基酸和蛋白质类物质。对于拥有疏松滤饼层的体系三而言,膜通量下降趋势较平缓且总膜阻力较小。结果表明,多孔疏松的滤饼层结构可以减小进入膜孔中的有机物含量,有效缓解了超滤膜污染。(5)不同形态铝盐混凝剂与CS复配混凝研究:分别以HA模拟水样和染料水样为给水和废水代表,结果表明在改变水质类型和混凝条件的情况下,CS作为助凝剂投加后,有机物的去除效率及染料的脱色效率得到了一定程度的提升,且Ala/Alb形态更宜在复配时使用。然而在混凝过程中,CS仅起到了一定的辅助混凝作用,污染物的去除效率主要还是受不同形态铝盐混凝剂作用机制的影响。在处理HA模拟水样时,由于氨基的质子化使CS投加后多以吸附电中和作用为主;而在处理染料废水时,由于染料分子中含有大量的极性基团,CS投加后多以长链的吸附架桥作用为主。此外,CS投加后絮体的粒径有了明显的增长,且絮体结构更为疏松,有利于减轻超滤膜污染。当CS与铝盐形态混凝剂复配时,由于酸性条件可使CS中的氨基质子化更充分,因而此条件下更有利于絮体粒径的增长及膜污染问题的改善。
Abstract
lv yan hun ning ji ju you yuan liao yi de 、jia ge di lian ju xing neng liang hao deng te dian ,mu qian yi bei an fan ying yong zhi hun ning chao lv (CUF)lian yong gong yi zhong ,yi di gao you ji wu de qu chu xiao lv he gai shan chao lv mo de guo lv xing neng 。jiang lv yan hun ning ji tou ru shui ti hou ,jing shui jie ju ge fan ying sheng cheng yi ji lie de lv qiang ji pei ge wu ,bao gua chan ti lv xing tai (Ala)、lv de zhong ju ti xing tai (Alb)、lv de gao ju ti ji ning jiao tai chan wu (Alc),er zai CUFlian yong gong yi zhong bu tong xing tai lv yan hun ning ji zuo yong ji zhi ji gou xiao guan ji de dui bi yan jiu shang bu ji tong 。ben wen ji yu lv yan hun ning ji de bu tong xing tai ,tong guo you hua ge cheng can shu fen bie de dao yi Ala、Albhe Alcwei zhu yao xing tai de lv yan hun ning ji ,bing dui ji chu li bu tong shui zhi lei xing shui yang shi de hun ning zuo yong ji zhi jin hang le shen ru yan jiu 。tong shi ,jie ge xu ti te xing de cha yi ,yan jiu le chao lv mo wu ran ji zhi ,tan tao le san chong lv yan xing tai hun ning ji sheng cheng de xu ti chen ji zai mo biao mian xing cheng de lv bing ceng dui chao lv mo wu ran de ying xiang ,ming que le kuo yong yu CUFlian yong gong yi de zui jia lv yan xing tai 。ling wai ,jiang ke ju tang (CS)yu san chong lv yan xing tai hun ning ji fu pei ,fen bie yan jiu le hun ning he chao lv gong yi de zuo yong ji zhi ,ming que le lv yan hun ning ji yu you ji zhu ning ji fu pei de ying yong qian jing 。ben wen de zhu yao yan jiu nei rong he jie guo ru xia suo shu :(1)bu tong xing tai lv yan hun ning ji ge cheng fang fa de yan jiu :ben wen shua yong liu shui lv hua lv wei yuan liao rong jie de dao yi Alawei zhu yao xing tai de lv yan hun ning ji ,bing cai yong wei liang di jian fa kong zhi jian hua du (B)、di jian shi jian 、jiao ban shi jian 、wen du deng tiao jian ,ge cheng di chun de dao fen bie yi Albhe Alcwei zhu yao xing tai de lv yan hun ning ji 。yan jiu biao ming ,gao jian hua du tiao jian (B=2.4)jun you li yu Albhe Alcxing tai de sheng cheng ,er gao fan ying wen du he chang fan ying shi jian geng you li yu Alcxing tai de sheng cheng 。jiang ge cheng di chun suo de de mu biao chan pin jin hang biao zheng ,jie guo xian shi Albxing tai duo cheng fen zhi zhuang jie gou ju ju ge du jiao di ,er Alcxing tai duo cheng bang zhuang jie gou ju ju ge du jiao gao 。ci wai ,you yu Alcjie gou zhong han you bu fen shui jie ju ge fan ying de dao de rong jiao tai wu zhi A1(OH)3,dao zhi ji biao mian suo dai de dian he mi du jiao xiao 。(2)bu tong xing tai lv yan hun ning ji zuo yong ji zhi de yan jiu :shua yong fu shi suan (HA)mo ni shui he huang he shi ji shui wei gei shui dai biao 、fen san huang ran liao shui yang wei fei shui dai biao ,jie guo biao ming sui zhao shui zhi lei xing he hun ning tiao jian de bian hua ,san chong lv yan xing tai hun ning ji de zuo yong ji zhi cun zai ming xian cha yi 。zai yuan shui pHtiao jian xia ,Ala、Albhe Alcchu li HAmo ni shui yang shi fen bie yi xi fu dian zhong he 、xi fu jia qiao he wang bu juan sao wei zhu yao ji li ;chu li shi ji shui yang shi fen bie yi shui jie chen dian 、xi fu jia qiao he dian zhong he 、wang bu juan sao he xi fu dian zhong he zuo yong wei zhu yao qu chu wu ran wu de fang shi ;chu li ran liao fei shui shi Alazhu yao yi shui jie chen dian he xi fu dian zhong he zuo yong wei zhu ,er Albhe Alcduo tong guo wang bu juan sao he xi fu jia qiao zuo yong yu ran liao fen zi jie ge 。pHdui lv yan de shui jie ju ge fan ying ying xiang jiao da ,you yu pH=4de tiao jian xian zhi le lv yan de shui jie fan ying ,er zai pH=9shi de shui jie chan wu dao zhi jing dian pai chi he wang bu juan sao zuo yong tu xian ,yin ci pH=4he pH=9de tiao jian fen bie xian zhi le Alahe Alcxing tai qu chu wu ran wu de neng li ,jiang di le you ji wu de qu chu xiao lv he ran liao de tuo se xiao neng 。(3)bu tong xing tai lv yan hun ning ji dui mo wu ran ji zhi de ying xiang :jie ge hun ning dong tai guo cheng zhong suo sheng cheng de xu ti te xing yan jiu ,tong guo lv bing ceng wu ran he mo kong du sai liang fang mian fen xi le chao lv mo wu ran ji zhi 。zai yuan shui pHtiao jian xia ,san chong lv yan xing tai hun ning ji chu li HAmo ni shui yang shi ,Alaxing cheng de xu ti biao xian chu jiao da de li jing ju jie gou shu song ,dao zhi lei ji zai mo biao mian de lv bing ceng shu song duo kong ,you li yu gai shan mo wu ran ;chu li shi ji shui yang shi ,Albzai tou jia liang wei 6 mg L-1shi sheng cheng de xu ti li jing zeng chang you wei ming xian ,ju po sui hou de xu ti ju you jiao hao de hui fu neng li ,jian xiao le xiao fen zi wu zhi jin ru mo kong ,dao zhi ci tiao jian xia de zong mo zu li zui xiao 。sui zhao tou jia liang de zeng jia ,mo wu ran ji zhi zhu jian you mo kong du sai xiang lv bing ceng wu ran zhuai hua 。ci wai ,dang pH=4shi ,xing cheng de xu ti li jing jiao xiao ju sheng chang zhi ping heng jie duan shi jiao man ,rong yi tong guo nong cha ji hua zao cheng mo wu ran ;sui zhao pHbu duan zeng da zhi pian zhong xing huan jing ,xu ti li jing jiao da ju jie gou shu song ,you yu duo kong de lv bing ceng rong yi tong guo wu li fang shi qing chu ,jin er ci tiao jian xia zhu yao yi mo kong du sai wu ran wei zhu ;er zai pH=9de tiao jian xia ,xu ti duo yi wang bu juan sao zuo yong xing cheng ,dao zhi li jing jiao xiao ju mi shi ,shi lv bing ceng cheng le mo wu ran de zhu yao yuan yin 。(4)lv bing ceng dui chao lv mo wu ran de yan jiu :san chong lv yan xing tai hun ning ji zhu yao yu HAzhong de qiang ji he suo ji fa sheng fan ying ,ji sheng cheng de xu ti zhi jie ying xiang lv bing ceng de jie gou ,jin er ying xiang chao lv mo wu ran de qing chong cheng du 。zai CUFlian yong gong yi zhong ,tong guo ou yu ying guang jiang du yu zong ying guang jiang du de bi zhi ke zhi ,cai yong ju mi feng mo chao lv shi zhu yao qu chu de wu zhi lei xing wei :wei sheng wu dai xie chan wu 、duo tai 、an ji suan he dan bai zhi lei wu zhi 。dui yu yong you shu song lv bing ceng de ti ji san er yan ,mo tong liang xia jiang qu shi jiao ping huan ju zong mo zu li jiao xiao 。jie guo biao ming ,duo kong shu song de lv bing ceng jie gou ke yi jian xiao jin ru mo kong zhong de you ji wu han liang ,you xiao huan jie le chao lv mo wu ran 。(5)bu tong xing tai lv yan hun ning ji yu CSfu pei hun ning yan jiu :fen bie yi HAmo ni shui yang he ran liao shui yang wei gei shui he fei shui dai biao ,jie guo biao ming zai gai bian shui zhi lei xing he hun ning tiao jian de qing kuang xia ,CSzuo wei zhu ning ji tou jia hou ,you ji wu de qu chu xiao lv ji ran liao de tuo se xiao lv de dao le yi ding cheng du de di sheng ,ju Ala/Albxing tai geng yi zai fu pei shi shi yong 。ran er zai hun ning guo cheng zhong ,CSjin qi dao le yi ding de fu zhu hun ning zuo yong ,wu ran wu de qu chu xiao lv zhu yao hai shi shou bu tong xing tai lv yan hun ning ji zuo yong ji zhi de ying xiang 。zai chu li HAmo ni shui yang shi ,you yu an ji de zhi zi hua shi CStou jia hou duo yi xi fu dian zhong he zuo yong wei zhu ;er zai chu li ran liao fei shui shi ,you yu ran liao fen zi zhong han you da liang de ji xing ji tuan ,CStou jia hou duo yi chang lian de xi fu jia qiao zuo yong wei zhu 。ci wai ,CStou jia hou xu ti de li jing you le ming xian de zeng chang ,ju xu ti jie gou geng wei shu song ,you li yu jian qing chao lv mo wu ran 。dang CSyu lv yan xing tai hun ning ji fu pei shi ,you yu suan xing tiao jian ke shi CSzhong de an ji zhi zi hua geng chong fen ,yin er ci tiao jian xia geng you li yu xu ti li jing de zeng chang ji mo wu ran wen ti de gai shan 。
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论文作者分别是来自山东大学的王文语，发表于刊物山东大学2019-07-16论文，是一篇关于不同铝盐形态论文,混凝作用机制论文,超滤膜污染论文,滤饼层论文,复配混凝论文,山东大学2019-07-16论文的文章。本文可供学术参考使用，各位学者可以免费参考阅读下载，文章观点不代表本站观点，资料来自山东大学2019-07-16论文网站，若本站收录的文献无意侵犯了您的著作版权，请联系我们删除。
标签：不同铝盐形态论文; 混凝作用机制论文; 超滤膜污染论文; 滤饼层论文; 复配混凝论文; 山东大学2019-07-16论文;