本文主要研究内容
作者曹思静(2019)在《超亲水/水下超疏油膜的制备及其油水分离性能研究》一文中研究指出:随着经济的迅速发展,化工行业及频繁发生的溢油事故产生了大量含油废水,造成了严重的环境污染和生态破坏,危害人类健康和安全。因此,如何实现油水高效分离、获得洁净水和污染问题仍面临着巨大的挑战。目前传统的油水分离方法效率低,易造成二次污染。普通膜材料虽然广泛用于油水分离,但耗时长、易污染、无选择性且需要预处理而限制其应用。因此,有必要开发分离效率高、选择性好和稳定性高的新型工艺和材料用于油水分离。近年来,受荷叶“自清洁”和“鱼鳞”等生物现象的启发,一系列具有特殊浸润性的膜材料因其对油和水具有不同的润湿性能而被广泛用于油水分离。与超疏水/超亲油膜材料相比较,超亲水/水下超疏油膜材料由于在水下具有超疏油的特性,因此在油水分离过程中能有效避免油的污染。本文首先通过一步浸渍和原位固化法制备TiO2纳米颗粒(TiO2NPs)涂覆的超亲水/水下超疏油不锈钢网膜,考察了涂覆液粘度、浓度对接触角和油水分离效率的影响,根据上述结果制备TiO2纳米线(TiO2NWs)改性的超亲水/水下超疏油膜材料,提高了润湿性,考察了TiO2NWs浓度对表面粗糙度、润湿性和油水分离效率的影响,最后综合研究了孔径和润湿性的协同效应对油水分离效率的影响。主要研究结果如下:(1)通过一步浸渍和原位固化法将TiO2NPs和聚乙烯吡咯烷酮(PVP)的混合溶液涂覆到不锈钢网(SS)上成功制备了具有亲水性/水下超疏油特性的TiO2NPs/PVP-SS油水分离膜。通过SEM表征和EDS分析证明TiO2 NPs与PVP成功涂覆至不锈钢膜上。膜表面水接触角(WCA)为0°,呈超亲水性,但被水完全润湿的时间至少为100 s,在水中油的接触角大于160°,对油有极低的黏附性,且油水分离效率大于99.5%。当TiO2NPs/PVP涂覆液浓度为3%时,TiO2 NPs/PVP-SS膜被水完全润湿的时间最短,且油水分离时间最少,膜通量最大达8422.5 L·m-2·h-1。经30次循环使用后,油水分离效率仍大于99.5%,说明制备的TiO2NPs/PVP-SS膜具有良好的稳定性和重复使用性。(2)将TiO2NPs水热反应合成TiO2NWs,其相结构由金红相转变为锐钛矿,且出现Ti-O-Ti的拉伸振动键和Ti-O键。将TiO2NWs与PVP的混合液涂覆到不锈钢膜上,表面粗糙增加,有部分TiO2NWs团聚,随着TiO2NWs浓度的增加,粗糙度增大,分散在不锈钢网骨架上的TiO2NWs形成了纳米尺度的结构,极大提高了膜表面的亲水性。涂覆TiO2 NWs后能够形成超亲水表面,水接触角为0°,完全润湿时间最少需要8 s,油/水分离时水的通量随着TiO2 NWs的负载量先增加后降低。当负载量为1.5%时,油水分离效率大于99.5%、膜通量为11000 L·m-2·h-1。另外,此膜对5种不同油水混合物的分离效率均大于99.5%。(3)通过改变涂覆液中TiO2NWs、PVP和聚二甲基硅氧烷(PDMS)的用量与比例制备一系列不同润湿性的膜材料(超亲水、亲水、疏水和超疏水),且选取了8、10、15μm三种不同孔径的不锈钢网来研究润湿性和膜孔径对油水分离性能的协同效应。当膜孔径不同时,润湿性不同,膜的分离效率和膜通量也不同。当膜为超亲水性(WCA=0°)时,分离水的效率接近100%;膜为亲水性(0°<WCA<60°)时,水分离效率随接触角增加先减小后增加;当膜为疏水性(接近90°-100°)时,不具有油水分离效果,油水混合物全部通过;而膜为疏水/超疏水(WCA>120°)时,油的分离效率增至99.5%,主要分离油。而对于同一接触角下,膜通量随孔径增大先减小后增加。通过计算毛细管力表明,膜的润湿性和膜孔径对膜的分离性能有协同效应,计算结果与实验结果相符。
Abstract
sui zhao jing ji de xun su fa zhan ,hua gong hang ye ji pin fan fa sheng de yi you shi gu chan sheng le da liang han you fei shui ,zao cheng le yan chong de huan jing wu ran he sheng tai po huai ,wei hai ren lei jian kang he an quan 。yin ci ,ru he shi xian you shui gao xiao fen li 、huo de jie jing shui he wu ran wen ti reng mian lin zhao ju da de tiao zhan 。mu qian chuan tong de you shui fen li fang fa xiao lv di ,yi zao cheng er ci wu ran 。pu tong mo cai liao sui ran an fan yong yu you shui fen li ,dan hao shi chang 、yi wu ran 、mo shua ze xing ju xu yao yu chu li er xian zhi ji ying yong 。yin ci ,you bi yao kai fa fen li xiao lv gao 、shua ze xing hao he wen ding xing gao de xin xing gong yi he cai liao yong yu you shui fen li 。jin nian lai ,shou he xie “zi qing jie ”he “yu lin ”deng sheng wu xian xiang de qi fa ,yi ji lie ju you te shu jin run xing de mo cai liao yin ji dui you he shui ju you bu tong de run shi xing neng er bei an fan yong yu you shui fen li 。yu chao shu shui /chao qin you mo cai liao xiang bi jiao ,chao qin shui /shui xia chao shu you mo cai liao you yu zai shui xia ju you chao shu you de te xing ,yin ci zai you shui fen li guo cheng zhong neng you xiao bi mian you de wu ran 。ben wen shou xian tong guo yi bu jin zi he yuan wei gu hua fa zhi bei TiO2na mi ke li (TiO2NPs)tu fu de chao qin shui /shui xia chao shu you bu xiu gang wang mo ,kao cha le tu fu ye nian du 、nong du dui jie chu jiao he you shui fen li xiao lv de ying xiang ,gen ju shang shu jie guo zhi bei TiO2na mi xian (TiO2NWs)gai xing de chao qin shui /shui xia chao shu you mo cai liao ,di gao le run shi xing ,kao cha le TiO2NWsnong du dui biao mian cu cao du 、run shi xing he you shui fen li xiao lv de ying xiang ,zui hou zeng ge yan jiu le kong jing he run shi xing de xie tong xiao ying dui you shui fen li xiao lv de ying xiang 。zhu yao yan jiu jie guo ru xia :(1)tong guo yi bu jin zi he yuan wei gu hua fa jiang TiO2NPshe ju yi xi bi ge wan tong (PVP)de hun ge rong ye tu fu dao bu xiu gang wang (SS)shang cheng gong zhi bei le ju you qin shui xing /shui xia chao shu you te xing de TiO2NPs/PVP-SSyou shui fen li mo 。tong guo SEMbiao zheng he EDSfen xi zheng ming TiO2 NPsyu PVPcheng gong tu fu zhi bu xiu gang mo shang 。mo biao mian shui jie chu jiao (WCA)wei 0°,cheng chao qin shui xing ,dan bei shui wan quan run shi de shi jian zhi shao wei 100 s,zai shui zhong you de jie chu jiao da yu 160°,dui you you ji di de nian fu xing ,ju you shui fen li xiao lv da yu 99.5%。dang TiO2NPs/PVPtu fu ye nong du wei 3%shi ,TiO2 NPs/PVP-SSmo bei shui wan quan run shi de shi jian zui duan ,ju you shui fen li shi jian zui shao ,mo tong liang zui da da 8422.5 L·m-2·h-1。jing 30ci xun huan shi yong hou ,you shui fen li xiao lv reng da yu 99.5%,shui ming zhi bei de TiO2NPs/PVP-SSmo ju you liang hao de wen ding xing he chong fu shi yong xing 。(2)jiang TiO2NPsshui re fan ying ge cheng TiO2NWs,ji xiang jie gou you jin gong xiang zhuai bian wei rui tai kuang ,ju chu xian Ti-O-Tide la shen zhen dong jian he Ti-Ojian 。jiang TiO2NWsyu PVPde hun ge ye tu fu dao bu xiu gang mo shang ,biao mian cu cao zeng jia ,you bu fen TiO2NWstuan ju ,sui zhao TiO2NWsnong du de zeng jia ,cu cao du zeng da ,fen san zai bu xiu gang wang gu jia shang de TiO2NWsxing cheng le na mi che du de jie gou ,ji da di gao le mo biao mian de qin shui xing 。tu fu TiO2 NWshou neng gou xing cheng chao qin shui biao mian ,shui jie chu jiao wei 0°,wan quan run shi shi jian zui shao xu yao 8 s,you /shui fen li shi shui de tong liang sui zhao TiO2 NWsde fu zai liang xian zeng jia hou jiang di 。dang fu zai liang wei 1.5%shi ,you shui fen li xiao lv da yu 99.5%、mo tong liang wei 11000 L·m-2·h-1。ling wai ,ci mo dui 5chong bu tong you shui hun ge wu de fen li xiao lv jun da yu 99.5%。(3)tong guo gai bian tu fu ye zhong TiO2NWs、PVPhe ju er jia ji gui yang wan (PDMS)de yong liang yu bi li zhi bei yi ji lie bu tong run shi xing de mo cai liao (chao qin shui 、qin shui 、shu shui he chao shu shui ),ju shua qu le 8、10、15μmsan chong bu tong kong jing de bu xiu gang wang lai yan jiu run shi xing he mo kong jing dui you shui fen li xing neng de xie tong xiao ying 。dang mo kong jing bu tong shi ,run shi xing bu tong ,mo de fen li xiao lv he mo tong liang ye bu tong 。dang mo wei chao qin shui xing (WCA=0°)shi ,fen li shui de xiao lv jie jin 100%;mo wei qin shui xing (0°<WCA<60°)shi ,shui fen li xiao lv sui jie chu jiao zeng jia xian jian xiao hou zeng jia ;dang mo wei shu shui xing (jie jin 90°-100°)shi ,bu ju you you shui fen li xiao guo ,you shui hun ge wu quan bu tong guo ;er mo wei shu shui /chao shu shui (WCA>120°)shi ,you de fen li xiao lv zeng zhi 99.5%,zhu yao fen li you 。er dui yu tong yi jie chu jiao xia ,mo tong liang sui kong jing zeng da xian jian xiao hou zeng jia 。tong guo ji suan mao xi guan li biao ming ,mo de run shi xing he mo kong jing dui mo de fen li xing neng you xie tong xiao ying ,ji suan jie guo yu shi yan jie guo xiang fu 。
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论文详细介绍
论文作者分别是来自山西大学的曹思静,发表于刊物山西大学2019-11-12论文,是一篇关于超亲水论文,水下超疏油论文,润湿性论文,油水分离论文,山西大学2019-11-12论文的文章。本文可供学术参考使用,各位学者可以免费参考阅读下载,文章观点不代表本站观点,资料来自山西大学2019-11-12论文网站,若本站收录的文献无意侵犯了您的著作版权,请联系我们删除。
标签:超亲水论文; 水下超疏油论文; 润湿性论文; 油水分离论文; 山西大学2019-11-12论文;