《红楼梦》两译本中文化因素的归化与异化研究

论文摘要

文化翻译一直吸引着国内外众多学者的注意。近来,如何通过翻译传递及传播中国文化已经成为译者日益关注的问题。《红楼梦》,这部代表中国封建社会缩影的文学巨著,蕴涵了丰富多彩的文化因素,体现了非凡的思想深度、高超的写作技巧和独特的艺术及审美价值。然而,这些却意味着译者要面临巨大的挑战。译者可以采用不同的方法对文化因素进行翻译,归化和异化则成为其中两种主要的翻译策略。异化以源语文化为归宿,主张保留源语文化的特有表达方式并把它输入到目的语文化中去,而归化则以目的语文化为归宿,提倡使用目的语文化本身所有的表达方式,反对引入源语文化的表达方式。鉴于从归化到异化是一个连续的过程,本文作者将这一过程分成不同的等级,并根据翻译过程中文化意象的保留程度确定每一等级所采用的具体翻译方法。本文对杨宪益夫妇和霍克斯的《红楼梦》译本进行对比分析,试图探索他们在处理翻译文化因素时策略选择上的差异。以定量和定性分析相结合的方式,从《红楼梦》及其两译本中随机抽取166个样本作为研究语料。分析结果表明,尽管他们在翻译过程中都采用了归化和异化策略,但均有其各自的倾向性。在处理翻译文化因素时,杨宪益夫妇主要采用异化翻译,而霍克斯则更倾向于归化策略。而且,从对霍克斯译文的分析中可以看出,当中西方文化传统和审美价值发生冲突时,霍克斯优先考虑的是目的语文化,由此可以看出欧洲文化中心主义对霍克斯的译文或多或少的有一些影响。此外,本研究采用卡方测试从统计学角度证明了杨宪益夫妇和霍克斯在策略选择上存在着明显差异。

论文目录

• 摘要
• Abstract
• Chapter 1 Introduction
• 1.1 Background of Hong Lou Meng and its translated versions
• 1.2 Significance of the study
• 1.3 Purpose of the study
• 1.4 Research questions
• 1.5 Organization of the thesis
• Chapter 2 Literature Review
• 2.1 Views about Hong Lou Meng translation by different scholars
• 2.2 Language,culture and translation
• 2.2.1 Definitions of language,culture and translation
• 2.2.2 Language and culture
• 2.2.3 Culture and translation
• 2.3 Foreignization and domestication
• 2.3.1 Theoretical developments of domestication and foreignization
• 2.3.2 Arguments over domestication and foreignization
• 2.4 Theoretical foundation for this research
• 2.4.1 Definitions of foreignization and domestication
• 2.4.2 The difference between the pair of translating strategies
• 2.4.3 Definition and classification of allusions
• 2.4.4 Definition and classification of culture-specific idioms
• 2.4.5 Different grades from foreignization to domestication
• Chapter 3 Methodology
• 3.1 The parallel corpora of Hong Lou Meng
• 3.2 Data collection
• 3.3 Data analysis
• Chapter 4 A Comparative Study of the Yangs' and Hawkes' Strategies in Translating Cultural Elements
• 4.1 Translation of allusions in the two versions
• 4.1.1 Allusions from historical events
• 4.1.2 Allusions from mythology and legends
• 4.1.3 Allusions from fables
• 4.1.4 Allusions from literary works
• 4.2 Translation of culture-specific idioms in the two versions
• 4.2.1 Idioms containing words about ecology
• 4.2.2 Idioms containing words about material
• 4.2.3 Idioms containing words about religions and beliefs
• 4.2.4 Idioms containing words about human body and animals
• 4.2.5 Idioms containing numbers
• 4.3 Summary
• 4.3.1 The frequency of each grade from foreignization to domestication in the two versions
• 4.3.2 The difference between the two versions
• 4.3.3 Different cultural positions of the two languages
• 4.3.4 Different translation purposes of the translators
• Chapter 5 Conclusion
• 5.1 Major findings
• 5.2 Implications of this study
• 5.3 Limitations and suggestions for future research
• References
• Acknowledgements
• Resume