论文摘要
黑洞时空中粒子的散射与吸收的研究对我们了解黑洞的信息至关重要。黑洞对量子波的吸收与散射的研究兴起于二十世纪七十年代，近年来，弦理论的研究热潮，使人们对由弦理论得到的黑洞及高维黑洞的吸收截面的研究产生了极大的兴趣。弦理论是目前能够将引力量子化，并能解释宇宙起源与运行以及现代物理中很多难题的理论。由弦理论得到的伸缩子黑洞时空有着与通常广义相对论中的黑洞时空不一样的性质，其原因在于伸缩子的存在。因此，多年来人们对伸缩子时空的各种研究极为关注。研究伸缩子时空的吸收与散射对于黑洞物理、弦理论及相关理论都是有意义的。本文采用Unruh计算吸收截面的方法，对静态爱因斯坦-麦克斯韦伸缩子黑洞时空中的Dirac粒子和标量粒子的吸收截面进行了解析计算。利用波函数的连续性和渐近展开方法求解了视界附近、中间区域及远离视界处的波动方程。计算表明，静态EMDA黑洞中低能条件下标量粒子的吸收截面为2M(2M-2D2（2π）2（1+υ）2ω/υ2（1-exp[-π（2M-2D）ω（1+υ2）/υ]）。当υ≥2πMm时，标量粒子的吸收截面为16πM（M-D）/υ，此时吸收截面是υ的函数，并且随υ的增大而减小。伸缩子参数D对吸收截面的影响显著，吸收截面随伸缩子D的绝对值的增大而减小。而无质量标量粒子的吸收截面为8πM（2M-2D），这恰好等于静态EMDA黑洞的视界面积。我们知道球对称Schwarzschild黑洞对无质量标量粒子吸收截面等于其黑洞的视界面积。我们的结果表明，对于EMDA黑洞这个结论仍然成立。我们还采用计算标量粒子吸收截面类似的方法计算了Dirac粒子的吸收截面。结果表明，Dirac粒子的吸收截面与标量粒子的吸收截面比值恰好为1／8，这与Schwarzschild时空中的结论完全一样。
论文目录
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