严复翻译理论与勒代雷释意学派翻译理论的比较研究

论文摘要

本文为中国翻译泰斗严复的翻译理论与法国勒代雷的释意学派翻译理论的比较研究。严复是中国十九世纪末、二十世纪初出现的翻译家,提出的翻译理论影响深远,尤其是“信、达、雅”的翻译标准,为“译事楷模”,一直为后世所尊崇。而勒代雷的法国释意学派翻译理论是于二十世纪六十年代在对同声传译研究基础上得出的翻译理论,后来发展为涉及多领域的口笔译理论,享有广泛声誉。通过分析影响严复和勒代雷翻译理论的各因素,初步比较各因素对两种理论的影响并对严复的“信、达、雅”翻译原则与释意学派翻译理论进行具体层次上的比较,作者发现二者都属于规定性翻译理论,尽管相隔百年万里的时空距离,存在口译和笔译的媒介差异,却具有相同的理论角度,即翻译内容、语言表达及文体特征,并在这三方面提出相似的理论要求并且都追求忠实原则和读者适应性,其中,翻译内容方面,严复的“信”与勒代雷的“意义对等”均指要译文忠实于原文的内涵及深层意义,而不仅是字词对应。语言表达方面,严复的“达”与勒代雷的“脱离语言外壳”和“表达”都是指翻译不能被原文的语言形式束缚,要符合译入语习惯流畅地道、正确完整地表达原文意义。文体特征方面,释意理论也有与严复的“雅”相符的要求,即以恰当的文体表达原文,只是严复更侧重于强调语言修辞。而且两种理论都追求译文对原文的忠实,只是这种忠实是以意义对应而不是语言对应为基础的,同时均强调译文要适应读者,考虑到读者对译文的接受性。这些共同点表明翻译理论中具有不分时空和文化差异的某些永恒的主题和真理。同时分析对比发现,受中西翻译理论传统、二者所处时代背景等因素影响,除了严复译论中具有翻译救国的政治主张,释意理论具有浓重的商业实用性外,严复的译论具有实用性、悟性、含蓄性、保守性与文学性的特点,而勒代雷的理论具有理论性、理性、明确性、创新性与科学性的特点。具体表现为:1)严复译论的实用性指其译论侧重于研究翻译方法技巧,而非理论层面,而释意理论侧重于理论性,即强调翻译实践背后的理论及如何从理论角度认识阐释翻译;2)严复译论体现了悟性思维,其“信、达、雅”为译后感,无分门别类的系统阐释,而释意理论的理性思维体现在对翻译客体的客观理性分析和对翻译理论的系统总结和归纳;3)严复译论的含蓄性体现为用词洗练,语意浓缩,无明确解释或详尽论证,而释意理论的明确性体现在对理论术语作的明白无误的解释和界定;4)严复译论的保守性表现为对儒家道家经典的过度推崇,而释意理论的创新性表现在不同于前人的新颖理论,但是对“信、达、雅”按译事内在规律和关系排列组合也是严复的一种创新;5)严复译论的文学性是指“信、达、雅”较适用于文学类、社会科学性作品翻译,而释意理论的科学性在于其系统理性的论证,认知学、心理学、人机对话等学科支撑,并可适用于指导科技等诸领域口笔译实践。通过以上发现作者认为,这些相通之处或翻译理论中的永恒主题和真理有利于严复译论与释意理论的相互阐释,也可进一步延伸到相应中西译论的阐释,以促进中国传统译论的现代化或与“国际接轨”以及西方理论的引进与本土化。同时归纳出的不同特点亦可增进对中西翻译界学者的共识,有助于翻译理论工作者根据实际需求学习借鉴,取长补短,发展译学理论。

论文目录

• Abstract
• 摘要
• Introduction
• Motivation and Meaning of the Study
• Methodology
• Layout of the study
• Chapter One The Translation Theory of Yan Fu
• 1.1 A Biographic Sketch of Yan Fu
• 1.2 Xin,Da and Ya
• 1.2.1 Xin
• 1.2.2 Da
• 1.2.3 Ya
• 1.3 Other Viewpoints in Yan Fu's Translation Theory
• 1.3.1 Personal Obligation
• 1.3.2 A Way to Save China from Peril
• 1.3.3 Choices of translation
• 1.3.4 Combination of Translation and Academic Research
• 1.3.5 Da Zhi
• 1.4 Chapter Summary
• Chapter Two The Interpretive Translation Theory of Lederer
• 2.1 A Biographic Sketch of Lederer
• 2.2 The Establishment and Development of the Interpretive Theory
• 2.3 Basic Concepts of the Interpretive Translation Theory
• 2.3.1 Definition and Objects of Translation
• 2.3.2 Translation Level
• 2.3.3 Interpretive Translation
• 2.3.3.1 Sense
• 2.3.3.2 Sense Unit
• 2.4 Translation Procedure
• 2.4.1 Comprehension
• 2.4.2 Deverbalization
• 2.4.3 Expression
• 2.5 The Criteria of the Interpretive Theory for Evaluating Translation
• 2.6 The Interpretive Translation Theory and Translation Teaching
• 2.7 Chapter Summary
• Chapter Three Influential Factors for These Two Theories and Comparison of Their Influences on the Primary Level
• 3.1 Personal Experiences
• 3.1.1 Personal Experiences of Yan Fu
• 3.1.2 Personal Experiences of Lederer
• 3.1.3 Comparison of Personal Experiences' Influences on the Theories
• 3.2 Historical Contexts
• 3.2.1 Historical Context in which Yan Fu's Theory was Proposed
• 3.2.2 Historical Context in which the Interpretive Theory was Born and Developed
• 3.2.3 Comparison of Historical Contexts' Influences on the Theories
• 3.3 Theoretical Traditions
• 3.3.1 Chinese Translation Theoretical Tradition
• 3.3.1.1 Practicality
• 3.3.1.2 Intuitive Thinking
• 3.3.1.3 Implicity
• 3.3.1.4 Conservation
• 3.3.2 Western Translation Theoretical Tradition
• 3.3.2.1 Theoretical Side
• 3.3.2.2 Rational Thinking
• 3.3.2.3 Definiteness
• 3.3.2.4 Innovation
• 3.3.3 Comparison of Traditions' Influences on the Theories
• 3.4 Theoretical Purposes
• 3.4.1 Theoretical Purposes of Yan Fu
• 3.4.2 Theoretical Purposes of Lederer
• 3.4.3 Comparison of Theoretical Purposes' Influences on the Theories
• 3.5 Theoretical Resources
• 3.5.1 Theoretical Resources of Yan Fu's Theory
• 3.5.2 Theoretical Resources of Lederer's Theory
• 3.5.3 Comparison of Theoretical Resources' Influences on the Theories
• 3.6 Theoretical Influences
• 3.6.1 Influence of Yan Fu's Theory
• 3.6.2 Influence of Lederer's Theory
• 3.6.3 Comparison of the Influences of the Theories
• 3.7 Chapter Summary
• Chapter Four Comparison of Yah Fu's "Xin,Da and Ya" and the Interpretive Translation Theory on the Operational Level
• 4.1 Similarities between Yan Fu's "Xin,Da and Ya" and Lederer's Interpretive Translation Theory
• 4.1.1 Similar Focusing Points
• 4.1.2 Similar Requirements
• 4.1.2.1 Similar Requirements of Ideas and Meanings
• 4.1.2.2 Similar Requirements of Language Expression
• 4.1.2.3 Similar Requirements of Stylistic Characteristics
• 4.1.3 Pursuing Faithfulness
• 4.1.4 Following the Principle of Adaptability to Readers
• 4.2 Differences between Yan Fu's "Xin,Da and Ya" and Lederer's Interpretive Translation Theory
• 4.2.1 Practicality vs Theoretical Side
• 4.2.2 Intuitive Thinking vs Rational Thinking
• 4.2.3 Implicity vs Definiteness
• 4.2.4 Conservation vs Innovation
• 4.2.5 Literary Orientation vs Scientific Orientation
• Conclusion
• References
• Acknowledgements
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