本文主要研究内容
作者夏泽民（2019）在《简便液相法制备一维微纳米材料及可见光催化性能研究》一文中研究指出：随着全球经济的发展,能源短缺和环境污染日益凸显,成为了影响人类可持续发展的重大问题。可见光催化作为一种绿色洁净的科学技术,用来替代传统高能耗处理方法,可用于降解废水中的有机污染物,逐渐成为研究的热点。文献报道的很多催化剂只在紫外光区显示光化学活性,在太阳光谱中紫外光占比不到5%,而可见光占到43%,因此,有效利用太阳光,开发在可见光下具有较高活性的光催化材料具有十分重要的意义。一维微纳米材料因其兼具一维材料和微纳米材料的两大特点,与二维和三维材料相比,其几何结构更有利于载流子的传输而显示出在光催化领域的优越性。近年来,TiO2、ZnO、铋系化合物等半导体被用作光催化材料,但是因其化合物半导体禁带宽度过大、光稳定性差等限制了自身的发展。为了提高其性能,往往通过掺杂、复合等方法对半导体化合物进行光催化性能优化,但这样又使得光催化剂材料的制备过程繁琐或制备条件要求高。单质半导体材料作为光催化剂,不仅可以丰富光催化材料的种类,而且其简便的制备流程使其成为了开发新型光催化材料的一种新途径。钒青铜材料近年来因其具有优异的电化学性能而被应用于二次电池、超级电容器等,对其光催化处理有机污染物的研究还比较少,因而对钒青铜材料的光催化性能的研究有助于拓宽光催化材料种类。文献报道有不同的制备方法制备得到不同形貌的硒和钒酸钠材料,但用简便液相法制备得到一维的硒和钒酸钠仍然是一个挑战。本文采用简便液相法制备了一维硒纳米线和钒酸钠纳米棒,其中硒纳米线的制备分别采用化学液相法和水热法。利用XRD、SEM、TEM、BET、XPS和UV-Vis等分析测试手段对所制备的硒和钒酸钠的晶体结构、形貌和光吸收特性等进行了表征,根据实验结果讨论了其生长机理和形貌变化机制,最后通过测定这三种一维微纳米材料对有机染料亚甲基蓝和甲基橙的降解率探索了其光催化性能。主要研究工作分为以下三个部分:1.在表面活性剂十六烷基三甲基溴化铵（CTAB）的辅助下,采用简便化学液相法将二氧化硒（SeO2）在50℃条件下还原得到直径约100-200 nm、长度为10μm单晶硒纳米线,其中甲醛次硫酸钠（SFS）作为还原剂首次用作制备硒纳米材料。通过控制单一反应参数变化,探究了反应温度和表面活性剂CTAB对产物形貌的影响,并得出制备硒纳米线的最佳温度为50℃,最佳表面活性剂用量为0.1 g。该制备方法能在较短的时间和较低的温度条件下制备得到分散性良好的硒纳米线。此外,提出了硒纳米线的“固-液-固”生长机理。所制备的硒纳米线的可见光催化性能通过催化亚甲基蓝（MB）来研究,发现在H2O2协同作用下,硒纳米线可在3小时内降解超过99%的MB。2.采用溶剂热法将二氧化硒在180℃条件下还原得到单晶硒纳米线,其中芦丁（维生素P）作为还原剂首次用作制备硒纳米材料,乙醇作为溶剂。提出了硒在乙醇和水中的生长机理。发现在乙醇中生长为线状,为三方晶体硒,在水中生长为球状,为无定形硒,当乙醇和水共存时,线状硒表面变粗糙,球状硒表面存在凹陷。将在乙醇中获得的硒纳米线与在水中获得的无定型硒微纳米球作可见光催化性能对比,发现硒纳米线催化甲基橙比硒微纳米球快,硒纳米线3 h降解率达到了98.09%,而硒微米球3 h降解率仅为13.86%,且不稳定;但催化亚甲基蓝比硒微纳米球慢,硒纳米线2 h的降解率为85.33%,而硒微纳米球2 h降解率就达到97.42%,表明硒微纳米材料在可见光催化方面具有选择性。通过紫外-可见光吸收分析光学带隙、通过表面结构分析催化剂比表面积以及孔径分布、通过光电化学行为分析阐明硒纳米线与硒为纳米球可见光催化性能的差异性。3.采用水热法制备得到由单晶纳米棒组成的纳米花状HNaV6O15·4H2O,经过煅烧后得到纳米棒状NaV6O15。首先对HNaV6O15·4H2O晶体结构和形貌进行表征,并论述了其结晶度和形貌随着反应时间的变化而变化的过程。通过对比HNaV6O15·4H2O和NaV6O15的紫外-可见光吸收光谱,煅烧后的NaV6O15纳米棒的可见光响应阈值发生红移,禁带宽度变小,利用可见光催化降解MB来研究并对比两者的可见光催化性能,实验结果表明:HNaV6O15·4H2O具有比NaV6O15更优异的的催化性能。与同类钒青铜材料相比,对于20 mg/L的MB溶液,NaV6O15（20 mg）在3小时内降解率为88.62%,而HNaV6O15·4H2O（20 mg）在20 min内降解率为98.39%。该结果表明钒酸钠具有良好的可见光催化性能和应用前景。
Abstract
sui zhao quan qiu jing ji de fa zhan ,neng yuan duan que he huan jing wu ran ri yi tu xian ,cheng wei le ying xiang ren lei ke chi xu fa zhan de chong da wen ti 。ke jian guang cui hua zuo wei yi chong lu se jie jing de ke xue ji shu ,yong lai ti dai chuan tong gao neng hao chu li fang fa ,ke yong yu jiang jie fei shui zhong de you ji wu ran wu ,zhu jian cheng wei yan jiu de re dian 。wen suo bao dao de hen duo cui hua ji zhi zai zi wai guang ou xian shi guang hua xue huo xing ,zai tai yang guang pu zhong zi wai guang zhan bi bu dao 5%,er ke jian guang zhan dao 43%,yin ci ,you xiao li yong tai yang guang ,kai fa zai ke jian guang xia ju you jiao gao huo xing de guang cui hua cai liao ju you shi fen chong yao de yi yi 。yi wei wei na mi cai liao yin ji jian ju yi wei cai liao he wei na mi cai liao de liang da te dian ,yu er wei he san wei cai liao xiang bi ,ji ji he jie gou geng you li yu zai liu zi de chuan shu er xian shi chu zai guang cui hua ling yu de you yue xing 。jin nian lai ,TiO2、ZnO、bi ji hua ge wu deng ban dao ti bei yong zuo guang cui hua cai liao ,dan shi yin ji hua ge wu ban dao ti jin dai kuan du guo da 、guang wen ding xing cha deng xian zhi le zi shen de fa zhan 。wei le di gao ji xing neng ,wang wang tong guo can za 、fu ge deng fang fa dui ban dao ti hua ge wu jin hang guang cui hua xing neng you hua ,dan zhe yang you shi de guang cui hua ji cai liao de zhi bei guo cheng fan suo huo zhi bei tiao jian yao qiu gao 。chan zhi ban dao ti cai liao zuo wei guang cui hua ji ,bu jin ke yi feng fu guang cui hua cai liao de chong lei ,er ju ji jian bian de zhi bei liu cheng shi ji cheng wei le kai fa xin xing guang cui hua cai liao de yi chong xin tu jing 。fan qing tong cai liao jin nian lai yin ji ju you you yi de dian hua xue xing neng er bei ying yong yu er ci dian chi 、chao ji dian rong qi deng ,dui ji guang cui hua chu li you ji wu ran wu de yan jiu hai bi jiao shao ,yin er dui fan qing tong cai liao de guang cui hua xing neng de yan jiu you zhu yu ta kuan guang cui hua cai liao chong lei 。wen suo bao dao you bu tong de zhi bei fang fa zhi bei de dao bu tong xing mao de xi he fan suan na cai liao ,dan yong jian bian ye xiang fa zhi bei de dao yi wei de xi he fan suan na reng ran shi yi ge tiao zhan 。ben wen cai yong jian bian ye xiang fa zhi bei le yi wei xi na mi xian he fan suan na na mi bang ,ji zhong xi na mi xian de zhi bei fen bie cai yong hua xue ye xiang fa he shui re fa 。li yong XRD、SEM、TEM、BET、XPShe UV-Visdeng fen xi ce shi shou duan dui suo zhi bei de xi he fan suan na de jing ti jie gou 、xing mao he guang xi shou te xing deng jin hang le biao zheng ,gen ju shi yan jie guo tao lun le ji sheng chang ji li he xing mao bian hua ji zhi ,zui hou tong guo ce ding zhe san chong yi wei wei na mi cai liao dui you ji ran liao ya jia ji lan he jia ji cheng de jiang jie lv tan suo le ji guang cui hua xing neng 。zhu yao yan jiu gong zuo fen wei yi xia san ge bu fen :1.zai biao mian huo xing ji shi liu wan ji san jia ji xiu hua an （CTAB）de fu zhu xia ,cai yong jian bian hua xue ye xiang fa jiang er yang hua xi （SeO2）zai 50℃tiao jian xia hai yuan de dao zhi jing yao 100-200 nm、chang du wei 10μmchan jing xi na mi xian ,ji zhong jia quan ci liu suan na （SFS）zuo wei hai yuan ji shou ci yong zuo zhi bei xi na mi cai liao 。tong guo kong zhi chan yi fan ying can shu bian hua ,tan jiu le fan ying wen du he biao mian huo xing ji CTABdui chan wu xing mao de ying xiang ,bing de chu zhi bei xi na mi xian de zui jia wen du wei 50℃,zui jia biao mian huo xing ji yong liang wei 0.1 g。gai zhi bei fang fa neng zai jiao duan de shi jian he jiao di de wen du tiao jian xia zhi bei de dao fen san xing liang hao de xi na mi xian 。ci wai ,di chu le xi na mi xian de “gu -ye -gu ”sheng chang ji li 。suo zhi bei de xi na mi xian de ke jian guang cui hua xing neng tong guo cui hua ya jia ji lan （MB）lai yan jiu ,fa xian zai H2O2xie tong zuo yong xia ,xi na mi xian ke zai 3xiao shi nei jiang jie chao guo 99%de MB。2.cai yong rong ji re fa jiang er yang hua xi zai 180℃tiao jian xia hai yuan de dao chan jing xi na mi xian ,ji zhong lu ding （wei sheng su P）zuo wei hai yuan ji shou ci yong zuo zhi bei xi na mi cai liao ,yi chun zuo wei rong ji 。di chu le xi zai yi chun he shui zhong de sheng chang ji li 。fa xian zai yi chun zhong sheng chang wei xian zhuang ,wei san fang jing ti xi ,zai shui zhong sheng chang wei qiu zhuang ,wei mo ding xing xi ,dang yi chun he shui gong cun shi ,xian zhuang xi biao mian bian cu cao ,qiu zhuang xi biao mian cun zai ao xian 。jiang zai yi chun zhong huo de de xi na mi xian yu zai shui zhong huo de de mo ding xing xi wei na mi qiu zuo ke jian guang cui hua xing neng dui bi ,fa xian xi na mi xian cui hua jia ji cheng bi xi wei na mi qiu kuai ,xi na mi xian 3 hjiang jie lv da dao le 98.09%,er xi wei mi qiu 3 hjiang jie lv jin wei 13.86%,ju bu wen ding ;dan cui hua ya jia ji lan bi xi wei na mi qiu man ,xi na mi xian 2 hde jiang jie lv wei 85.33%,er xi wei na mi qiu 2 hjiang jie lv jiu da dao 97.42%,biao ming xi wei na mi cai liao zai ke jian guang cui hua fang mian ju you shua ze xing 。tong guo zi wai -ke jian guang xi shou fen xi guang xue dai xi 、tong guo biao mian jie gou fen xi cui hua ji bi biao mian ji yi ji kong jing fen bu 、tong guo guang dian hua xue hang wei fen xi chan ming xi na mi xian yu xi wei na mi qiu ke jian guang cui hua xing neng de cha yi xing 。3.cai yong shui re fa zhi bei de dao you chan jing na mi bang zu cheng de na mi hua zhuang HNaV6O15·4H2O,jing guo duan shao hou de dao na mi bang zhuang NaV6O15。shou xian dui HNaV6O15·4H2Ojing ti jie gou he xing mao jin hang biao zheng ,bing lun shu le ji jie jing du he xing mao sui zhao fan ying shi jian de bian hua er bian hua de guo cheng 。tong guo dui bi HNaV6O15·4H2Ohe NaV6O15de zi wai -ke jian guang xi shou guang pu ,duan shao hou de NaV6O15na mi bang de ke jian guang xiang ying yu zhi fa sheng gong yi ,jin dai kuan du bian xiao ,li yong ke jian guang cui hua jiang jie MBlai yan jiu bing dui bi liang zhe de ke jian guang cui hua xing neng ,shi yan jie guo biao ming :HNaV6O15·4H2Oju you bi NaV6O15geng you yi de de cui hua xing neng 。yu tong lei fan qing tong cai liao xiang bi ,dui yu 20 mg/Lde MBrong ye ,NaV6O15（20 mg）zai 3xiao shi nei jiang jie lv wei 88.62%,er HNaV6O15·4H2O（20 mg）zai 20 minnei jiang jie lv wei 98.39%。gai jie guo biao ming fan suan na ju you liang hao de ke jian guang cui hua xing neng he ying yong qian jing 。
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论文作者分别是来自西南大学的夏泽民，发表于刊物西南大学2019-09-24论文，是一篇关于一维微纳米材料论文,液相法论文,纳米硒论文,钒酸钠论文,可见光催化论文,西南大学2019-09-24论文的文章。本文可供学术参考使用，各位学者可以免费参考阅读下载，文章观点不代表本站观点，资料来自西南大学2019-09-24论文网站，若本站收录的文献无意侵犯了您的著作版权，请联系我们删除。
标签：一维微纳米材料论文; 液相法论文; 纳米硒论文; 钒酸钠论文; 可见光催化论文; 西南大学2019-09-24论文;