试构性状小句的概念框架

论文摘要

本论文在程琪龙教授提出的概念框架理论的指导下,借鉴功能语法（Halliday 2000）,解构语法（Levin 1993）和建构语法（Goldberg 1995）等,试图构建一个性状域小句的模式。该模式是一个关系网络,其生理基础是人类大脑的神经网络。但该系统对神经元的操作模拟之处在初级阶段,离真正神经元的操作还尚待时日。因而,本文将研究的中心置于该性状模式的操作有效性及神经可行性之上。 程琪龙教授的概念框架为一多层次,可操作性之关系网络。在概念系统层次,分为预设,过程和推导三部分;预设指语言现象之前的世界;推导指语言现象之后的世界;而过程则和语言现象关系最为密切,可以分为三种概念结构:空间,动作和致使。在概念系统层,三种概念结构包含了物体,静态动词,动态动词,性状/源-途-终,动作者,动作,动作对象,致使者,致使,致使对象,倾向这些元概念,在概念层,他们都是必不可少的。由于概念层中不同元概念的前设（foreground）和重合,我们有了不同的语义次层和句法次层。语义次层次指的是语言的表达形式,为了力图简洁,在这一层次中,论文放弃了传统的施事,受事,工具这一套术语,而沿用了概念层的物体（Obj）,性状源-途-终（Pro/SPG）,动作者（Ac）,受动者（Acd）,致使者（Cs）,致使对象（Csd）和倾向（Ori）这一套术语。不同的是,在语义层,发生了很多重合现象。根据受动者是否改变,它可以和物体重合,或者和致使对象重合;倾向可以和性状源-途-终中的任何一个重合。在这一层中,作者引用了Levin基于语义成分的对四个动词hit,touch,cut,和break的分类并把它延伸到英语性状小句中的动词分类,在此基础上,增加了四类动词:空间结构的静态动词,空间结构中的不延及他物的变化动词和不产生显著结果的动作动词及致使结构中不可省略性状成分的纯致使动词。分类的标准是五个语义元素:STATIVE,CONTACT,MOTION,CAUSE和CHANGE的不同组合关系。因此,可以说Talmy提出的语义重合概念极大地启发了作者。在性状小句的语义结构中,有着论元重合和述语重合:论元重合已经提过,述语重合则是致使和性状在动词中重合,如demolish.我们也就有了不同的语义表达: 客体-stative动词/break类动词/cut类动词-性状源-途-终

论文目录

• Acknowledgements
• List of Abbreviations
• Abstract （English）
• Abstract （Chinese）
• Preface
• Ⅰ. Theoretical Background
• Ⅱ. Theoretical Frame of the Dissertation
• Ⅲ. The Approaches Adopted in the Dissertation
• Chapter 1 Theoretical Background
• 1.1 View of Language
• 1.1.1 Saussure's Model
• 1.1.2 Hjelmslev's Framework
• 1.1.3 Lamb's Contribution
• 1.1.4 Cheng's Frame
• 1.2 The Linguistic System
• 1.2.1 The Linguistic System is Relational
• 1.2.2 The Linguistic System is Hierarchical
• 1.2.3 The Linguistic System is Operational
• 1.3 Conceptual Frame of Cheng's
• 1.3.1 Halliday's Model
• 1.3.2 Jackendoff's Conceptual Structure
• 1.3.3 Cheng's Conceptual Frame （CF）
• 1.3.3.1 Chafe's Classification of Predication
• 1.3.3.2 Cheng's Conceptual Frame
• 1.3.3.3 Semantic Structure of Cheng's
• 1.3.3.4 Syntactic Stratum of Cheng's
• 1.4 Theoretical Aim
• 1.5 Methodology
• 1.6 Summary
• Chapter 2 Property Frame and Conceptual Structure of Property Clauses
• 2.1 Introduction
• 2.2 Relevant Studies of Property Clauses
• 2.3 About the Data
• 2.4 Conceptual Structure of Property Clauses
• 2.4.1 Space Structure
• 2.4.2 Action Structure
• 2.4.3 Causation Structure
• 2.4.3.1 Simple Causation with Space as the Causative Orientation
• 2.4.3.2 Causative Action with Space as the Orientation
• 2.5 Semantic Structure of Property Clause
• 2.5.1 Arguments of Property Clauses
• 2.5.2 Predicates of Property Clauses
• 2.5.2.1 Semantic Components
• 2.5.2.2 Conflation of Semantic Components by Leonard Talmy
• 2.5.3 Semantic Structure Related to Space Structure
• 2.5.4 Semantic Structure Related to Action Structure
• 2.5.5 Semantic Structure Related to Causation Structure
• 2.5.5.1 Simple Causation
• 2.5.5.2 Causative Action
• 2.6 The Caused- Motion and Resultative Construction
• 2.7 Summary
• Chapter 3 Realization between Conceptual, Semantic and Grammatical structures
• 3.1 Introduction
• 3.2 The Definition of "Foregroundee"
• 3.3 Realization between Conceptual, Semantic and Grammatical structures
• 3.3.1 Fourgroundee in Presupposition of Space Structure
• 3.3.2 Foregroundee in Presupposition of Action Structure
• 3.3.3 Foregroundee in Presupposition of Causation Structure
• 3.4 Summary
• Chapter 4 The Building of the Frame
• 4.1 Introduction
• 4.2 Components of Relational Networks
• 4.2.1 Basic Node Types
• 4.2.2 Nections
• 4.3 Relational Networks for Property Clauses
• 4.3.1 Network for Space Structure
• 4.3.1.1 Conceptual Structure of Space Structure
• 4.3.1.2 Semantic Structure of Space Structure
• 4.3.1.3 Syntactic Structure of the Space Structure
• 4.3.1.4 The Realizational Network
• 4.3.2 Networks for Action Structure
• 4.3.3 Networks for Causation Structure
• 4.3.3.1 Simple Causation
• 4.3.3.2 Causative Action
• 4.4 Summary
• Chapter 5 Computer Testing
• 5.1 Introduction
• 5.2 The Introduction of Software Programming
• 5.2.1 Application Program
• 5.2.2 Customer's Configuration
• 5.2.3 The Flow Chart of Programming
• 5.3 A Brief Introduction to the Testing Program
• 5.4 Steps of Operating the Program
• 5.5 Summary
• Conclusion
• References
• Appendix Ⅰ
• Appendix Ⅱ
• Appendix Ⅲ