英语中动结构

论文摘要

英语中动结构是一种特殊的语言现象。其动词表现为主动语态，然而处于主语位置的却是受事，动词的施事隐含或以for-PP（for phrase）的形式出现。本文归纳了中动结构的基本句式：DP+Verb+Adverbial，并指出了几种变体。进而描述了该结构的语义特征。它具有非事件性，描述受事的属性特点。有些表述基于重复的习惯性事件，称为表习惯的中动结构（habitual middle）；有些表述不基于事件，称为表属性的中动结构（capacity middle）。中动结构具有内在的施事性，施事隐含时往往为泛指意义。除此之外，该结构往往还具有类似can的情态意义。本文通过分析词汇手段生成中动结构的观点，指出其基础是认为中动结构的施事均为隐含，而且中动动词在能分配两个题元角色的情况下被归于不及物动词。这些缺陷导致另一个更为合理的解释，即中动结构的生成过程涉及句法移位。本文通过比较被动的生成过程，具体分析泛指逻辑主语的句法实现形式和受事的移位过程，提出中动结构生成时，受事在VP-complement生成。由于外论元被抑制，内论元必须进行DP移位，提升至主语位置，从而消除中动动词的指示语特征（specifier-feature），以满足特征核查的需要。而逻辑主语降格至VP附加语位置，隐含时句法实现为PRO，显性时实现为for-PP，PRO和for-PP呈现互补特点。本文还从以语体制约为主体的角度讨论了形成英语中动结构的

论文目录

摘要

ABSTRACT

前言

1 INTRODUCTION

2 ESSENTIAL PROPERTIES OF ENGLISH MIDDLES

2.1 FORMS OF ENGLISH MIDDLES

2.2 SEMANTIC PROPERTIES OF ENGLISH MIDDLES

2.2.1 General descriptions

2.2.2 Non-eventiveness of English middles

2.2.3 Agentivity and arbitrariness of implicit agents in English middles

2.2.3.1 Agentivity of English middles

2.2.3.2 Challenges to agentivity of English middles

2.2.3.3 Arbitrariness of implicit agents

2.2.4 Different meanings of middles and genericity

2.2.5 Generic passives,English middles and modality

3 MECHANISM FOR MIDDLE FORMATION

3.1 VIEW OF LEXICAL DERIVATION

3.2 VIEW OF SYNTACTIC DERIVATION

3.2.1 Passivization and middle formation

3.2.2 The arbitrary logical subject in middles: pro or PRO

3.2.3 Raising of the theme in middles: DP movement or wh-movement

3.2.3.1 Gao's analysis

3.2.3.2 Problems in Gao's analysis

3.2.4 A powerful explanation of middle formation

3.2.4.1 Stroik's model

3.2.4.2 Relevant evidence for Stroik's model

3.2.4.3 Challenge to Stroik's model

4 CONSTRAINTS ON MIDDLE FORMATION

4.1 THE AFFECTEDNESS CONSTRAINT ON MIDDLE FORMATION

4.2 ASPECTUAL CONSTRAINTS ON MIDDLE FORMATION

4.2.1 Aspectual classes

4.2.2 The compositional nature of aspect

4.2.3 Diagnoses for activity and accomplishment verbs

4.2.4 Aspectual properties of English middles

4.2.4.1 Existing views and their problems

4.2.4.2 A new approach

4.2.5 Eligible aspectual classes for middle formation

4.3 A COMPREHENSIVE VIEW OF CONSTRAINTS ON MIDDLE FORMATION

5 CONCLUSION

REFERENCES

英语中动结构

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