英汉语气系统对比研究

论文摘要

近年来有关语气系统方面的研究不少,但综合来看虽然对英汉两种语言的研究者都对各自的语气系统有所研究,但对英汉语气系统进行对比及其相关成果都不算太多。本文主要采取对比、归纳、描述等方法对英汉两种语气系统进行对比,从宏观上找出二者的共性和个性,继而从微观上对表达语气系统的主要手段做具体比较,找出二者的异同点。然而由于语气系统又大又杂,不同民族的认知差异较大,以及前人所做研究成果具有一定局限性等原因,本文所做研究基本上是从英汉陈述语气和疑问语气两大方面入手,必要时也会涉及祈使语气和感叹语气。经对比,发现二者的相同点主要在于：二者具有多种相同的表达手段且都能将之综合运用,二者都有较多的相同功能类别,二者共有语气隐喻手段能够实现不同语气间的意义转换,同时二者也都是多层次的系统。二者的不同点主要在于：汉语语气表达比较注重交际对象,体现以人为本,而英语语气更注重与现实世界的联系；汉语语气的表达具有灵活性,即柔性,而英语语气具有刚性,更容易把握；汉语语气的表达通常与体关系密切,是体突显的语言,而英语与时态密不可分,是时突显的语言；汉语语气的表达主要由语气词来实现,而英语主要靠动词的屈折变化来体现等。此外,本文对语调、句序等对语气表达的影响也稍做比较。通过对比分析可以看出,英汉两种语气系统的比较对语法、语用、普通语言学、语言类型学及对比语言学的研究等会有一定的帮助。同时,语气的正确表达与运用对外语教与学及翻译实践等也会起到促进作用。全文包括五个章节。第一章主要是介绍进行本研究的起因、目的、意义及全文的框架。第二章主要涉及英、汉语气系统的研究现状,然后是有关它们的对比研究现状,发现英语中的语气和情态是两个不同的概念,但它们相当于汉语中的语气。第三章是从宏观角度对英汉语气系统做详细对比研究并指出它们的异同点,如上所述。第四章是从微观角度对具体语气表达手段进行对比,比如情态动词、助动词、副词以及语调、语序等,得出语气的表达和实现方式多种多样。第五章是结论部分,总结出本研究的主要成果及其在现实生活中的应用,同时指出本论文的缺陷和不足之处,对将来有待研究的地方提出一定的建议和想法。

论文目录

• Acknowledgements
• Abstract（English Version）
• 摘要
• Contents
• Chapter One Introduction
• 1.1 Origin of the state
• 1.2 Objective and significance of this study
• 1.3 Organization of this paper
• Chapter Two Literature Review
• 2.1 Mood and modality in English
• 2.2 Mood and modality in Chinese
• Chapter Three General Comparison of Mood System Between English andChinese
• 3.1 The similarities of mood system in English and Chinese
• 3.1.1 The similarity of comprehensive utilization on many similar expressing devices
• 3.1.2 The similar classification in summarizing the functional types of mood
• 3.1.3 The similar metaphors of mood which are employed in different moods and produce different pragmatic meanings
• 3.1.4 The similarity of bearing layered systems
• 3.2 The differences between English and Chinese mood system
• 3.2.1 Realis-focused English mood vs. communication-focused Chinese mood
• 3.2.2 Rigidity of English mood vs. flexibility of Chinese mood
• 3.2.3 English with the prominence of tense vs. Chinese with the prominence of aspect
• 3.2.4 Verb-centered English vs. modal particle-centered Chinese
• Chapter Four Specific Comparison on Some Devices of Conveying Mood in #English and Chinese
• 4.1 On the comparison of the modal or auxiliary verbs between English and Chinese
• 4.1.1 The similarities of modal or auxiliary verb between English and Chinese
• 4.1.2 The differences of modal or auxiliary verb between English and Chinese
• 4.2 On the comparison of adverb between English and Chinese
• 4.2.1 The similarities of adverb between English and Chinese
• 4.2.2 The differences of adverb between English and Chinese
• 4.3 On the comparison of other devices between English and Chinese
• 4.3.1 On the comparison of intonation in English and Chinese
• 4.3.2 On the comparison of word order in English and Chinese
• Chapter Five Conclusion
• 5.1 Major findings of the study
• 5.2 Applications of the study
• 5.3 Limitations of the study and suggestions for further study
• Works Cited
• Publications