英汉有稿同传中持稿与脱稿的表现对比

论文摘要

目前口译研究在同声传译方面有着各种不同角度的研究,笔者选取了一个特别的同声传译类型进行研究,即在会前无法取得稿件而只能在会前短时内取得稿件的基于书面演讲的同声传译。文稿演讲的同声传译具有特殊的挑战性,译员经常会面临在同声翻译时使用稿件还是不使用稿件的为难状态。通过理论分析和一个小型实验,笔者尝试寻找持稿同传与脱稿同传的表现差别,并得出结论:在准备时间不充分的情况下,持稿同传的表现不一定明显比脱稿同传好。文章讨论的语言为英语和汉语,作者认为文章结论也适用于其他的语言搭配。本文共六章。第一章介绍了与讨论相关的基本定义和概念,提出了分析的理论框架。第二章描述了事先准备的演讲稿的语言特征,信息特征及表达特征。这些复杂的特征相互作用,使译员面临在同声翻译时使用稿件还是不使用稿件的为难抉择。第三章分析了持稿和脱稿对翻译质量造成的各种正面及负面影响。第四章的试验旨在回答以下问题:1.演讲稿对口译有帮助吗?2.演讲稿干扰口译吗?3.演讲稿在何种程度上对口译有帮助或产生干扰?4.译员在信息改变部分及信息不变部分的表现分别是怎样的?5.持稿和脱稿的表达表现各是怎样?SPSS软件处理分析了实验收集的数据并得出了实验结论。第五章在前文的基础上提出了训练有稿同传的建议。第六章则总结了全文并指出了本文的局限性和未来可供研究的方向。

论文目录

• Synopsis
• 摘要
• Introduction
• Chapter 1 Cognitive Constraints in SI
• 1.1.What Is SI?
• 1.2.Types of SI
• 1.2.1.Language Direction:into A;into B
• 1.2.2.Modes of Presentation by Speaker:Text-based;PPT-based;Impromptu
• 1.2.3.Author's Research Preference to E-C SI with Text instead of C-E SI with Text
• 1.3.Cognitive Constraints in SI
• 1.3.1.SI as Multitasking
• 1.3.2.Divided Attention
• 1.3.3.Effort Model of SI
• 1.3.3.1.Working Memory in SI
• 1.3.3.2.Listening Comprehension in SI
• 1.3.3.3.Production in SI
• 1.3.3.4.Coordination in SI
• 1.3.4.Constraints on SI with Text
• Chapter 2 An Analysis of Speech Text in E-C SI
• 2.1.Linguistic Features-Higher register of the Speech Text
• 2.1.1.More Written Language in the Speech Text and Higher Level of Formality
• 2.1.2.Complex Sentence Structure in the Speech Text
• 2.2.Informational Features-High Density or Low Occurrence of the Redundant Elements
• 2.3.Delivery Features
• 2.4.Interpreter's Dilemma
• Chapter 3 Text-at-hand or Text-off-hand:the Impact on Quality
• 3.1.Quality in SI
• 3.1.1.General Criteria
• 3.1.2 Different Assessment Standards
• 3.1.3.Anne Schjoldager's Chart
• 3.2 Impacts of Text-at-Hand and Text-off-Hand on Quality
• 3.2.1.Impacts of Text-at-Hand on Quality
• 3.2.1.1.Positive Impacts on Quality
• 3.2.1.2.Negative Impacts on Quality
• 3.2.2.Impacts of Text-off-Hand on Quality
• 3.2.2.1.Positive Impacts on Quality
• 3.2.2.2.Negative Impacts on Quality
• Chapter 4 An Empirical Study
• 4.1.Purposes of the Experiment
• 4.2.Material and Methods
• 4.3.Experiment Procedures
• 4.4.How to Evaluate the Performances
• 4.5.Assessors
• 4.6.Data and Results
• 4.7.Discussion on the Results
• Chapter 5 Implications for Training
• 5.1.Raise Overall Interpreting Competence
• 5.2.Further Cultivate the Skill of Attention Splitting
• 5.3.Further Cultivate the Skill of Minimizing the Possible Interference between the Two Languages
• 5.4.Sight Translation Training
• 5.5.The Training of the Text Online Reading
• 5.6.Good Processing Capacity Management
• 5.7.Training in Attention Shifting
• Chapter 6 Conclusion
• 6.1.Summary of the Paper
• 6.2.The Limitations of This Study
• 6.3.Implications for Future Studies
• Bibliography
• Appendix
• Acknowledgements