本文主要研究内容
作者范吉庆（2019）在《台风对长江口潮间带湿地沉积动力过程的影响》一文中研究指出：热带气旋是人类面临的最为严重的自然灾害之一。台风是一种高强度的热带气旋,对很多沿海地区产生巨大影响。在全球气候变暖和海平面加速上升的今天,台风发生的频率、强度及其所带来的灾害损失逐渐增大,已成为一个不争的事实。台风对社会经济产生的影响已广为人知。但是,台风尤其是远程台风（指台风路径与研究区域距离较远,未直接登陆该区域）对海岸生态环境的影响研究较少。潮间带湿地是受台风影响的脆弱生态系统,开展台风对潮间带湿地沉积动力过程的原位监测研究十分重要。本文选取长江口南汇潮滩（无潮沟发育）和崇明东滩潮沟为研究对象,利用先进的高分辨率潮流、波浪、悬沙浓度、高程等测量仪器进行现场观测,获取了15个台风前、中、后的系列数据,开展台风对潮间带湿地沉积动力过程影响的原位观测研究。其中,一个为近距离台风（台风中心与野外观测点的最小距离为60km）,14个为远程台风（各台风中心与研究区域的最小距离为4502000 km）。主要结果和结论如下:1)台风对潮滩湿地水动力影响受台风浪及近岸大风影响,潮滩水动力大大增强。近岸有效波高与台风影响因子相关关系分析表明,近岸波高与台风强度变化不完全同步,而是有14个潮周期的滞后现象。这主要是因为远程台风与研究区域存在较远距离,台风中心附近产生的台风浪需要一段时间才能传播到长江口区域。为了排除潮差对潮流流速及波高的影响,特选取潮况相似的平静天气和台风天气潮周期,进行水动力对比研究。结果表明,台风影响期间,潮滩潮周期平均有效波高是相似潮况平静天气下的3.1倍,平均潮流流速是相似潮况平静天气下的1.5倍,平均波-流联合剪切应力(τcw)是相似潮况平静天气下的1.8倍。2)台风对潮滩湿地悬沙浓度的影响潮滩近底约1 m悬沙浓度剖面数据研究结果表明,潮周期平均悬沙浓度与τcw值高度正相关,并且随着τcw的增大,悬沙浓度呈指数趋势增加。这表明,远程台风通过影响潮滩水动力,进而影响着潮滩的悬沙浓度。相似潮况下,远程台风影响期间潮周期垂向平均悬沙浓度是正常天气下的1.72.9倍。台风影响显著时刻,潮滩近底层悬沙浓度超过了仪器检测上限,浮泥层最大厚度接近1 m。台风对悬沙浓度的影响持续时间长于对水动力的影响,因为在台风影响后期水动力逐渐减弱,水体中悬浮沉积物的沉积需要一些时间,即出现悬浮沉积物“沉降滞后效应”。3)台风对潮滩稳定性的影响南汇潮滩观测架附近,高频率潮滩相对高程测量结果表明,潮滩高程受远程台风影响显著,滩面高程随台风影响的增强而蚀低,随着台风影响的减弱而逐渐淤高。其中台风“狮子山”期间、“莫兰蒂”与“马勒卡”双台风期间及台风“鲇鱼”期间潮滩表面出现明显侵蚀现象,台风“莫兰蒂”、“马勒卡”影响结束后潮滩呈现快速回淤状态。观测架附近,滩面相对高程的变化趋势与τcw呈负相关关系,并且这些变量之间的相关系数为0.6。这表明随着τcw值的增加,潮滩趋向于侵蚀,反之亦然。在垂直于岸线方向上,潮滩高程断面观测结果表明,双台风影响期间,盐沼潮滩内部和潮间带中部处于淤积状态,其中盐沼潮滩内部平均淤高0.21 m,最大淤积厚度0.45 m;光滩-草滩交界处和潮间带下部,处于侵蚀状态,光滩-草滩交界处侵蚀最强烈,最大侵蚀深度达0.28 m。此外,在光滩-草滩交界处的一个冲积沙坡,受双台风影响后沙坡整体向陆迁移了约30 m,沙坡坡顶变窄,坡度变陡,后退的沙体掩埋了原有植物。4)台风对潮滩表层沉积物的影响潮滩表层沉积物粒径及其组成,对潮滩水动力变化响应敏感。台风影响期间,潮滩水动力大大增强,细颗粒悬浮沉积物难以沉降,潮滩表层原有细颗粒也可能被再悬浮进入水体,随着涨落潮水流搬运、再分布,潮滩表层沉积物粒径出现粗化,沉积物组分中砂含量增大;台风影响过后,潮滩水动力逐渐减弱,潮滩表层开始接受水体中悬浮颗粒的沉降,潮滩表层沉积物粒径出现迅速细化,沉积物组分中粘土、粉砂含量增大。由于远程台风与研究区域距离较远,台风产生的涌浪传播到近岸需要一段时间,故潮滩表层沉积物粒径及组分的变化与远程台风强度变化不完全同步,具有14个潮周期的滞后性。此外,潮间带湿地不同地段沉积物对台风的响应程度也不同,光滩表层沉积物受台风影响最大,沉积物粗化可达原沉积物粒径的2倍以上,潮沟和盐沼潮滩中下部次之,盐沼潮滩中上部影响最小。表层沉积物分选性,台风影响后比台风影响前更好,峰度变得更为窄尖。5)台风对潮沟水沙输运的影响与平静天气相比,台风“摩羯”和“温比亚”影响期间,近岸风速增大34倍,有效波高增大715倍,潮流流速增大约12倍。台风浪浪、强降雨和潮流流速的增强,加大了对水体的扰动,底床沉积物被大量悬浮进入水体,使水体悬沙浓度比相似潮况平静天气下大311倍。进入水体的沉积物,随着涨落潮潮流搬离了原地,使盐沼外光滩、潮沟及其附近盐沼滩遭受侵蚀。含沙量增大的水体,随着涨落潮潮流输入和输出盐沼潮沟内部,呈现“大进大出”的特点,潮周期内潮沟单宽泥沙输运通量比平静天气下大433倍,单宽泥沙净输沙量大817倍。但由于盐沼内部水动力较弱,茂密的盐沼植被具有捕沙和防止滩面侵蚀的作用,使得潮周期内泥沙单宽净通量指向盐沼潮滩,促进了盐沼滩内部泥沙的淤积。综上所述,台风（即便是几百或上千公里以外的远程台风）对长江口潮间带湿地沉积动力过程具有重要影响,应在海岸湿地保护管理中给予高度重视。
Abstract
re dai qi xuan shi ren lei mian lin de zui wei yan chong de zi ran zai hai zhi yi 。tai feng shi yi chong gao jiang du de re dai qi xuan ,dui hen duo yan hai de ou chan sheng ju da ying xiang 。zai quan qiu qi hou bian nuan he hai ping mian jia su shang sheng de jin tian ,tai feng fa sheng de pin lv 、jiang du ji ji suo dai lai de zai hai sun shi zhu jian zeng da ,yi cheng wei yi ge bu zheng de shi shi 。tai feng dui she hui jing ji chan sheng de ying xiang yi an wei ren zhi 。dan shi ,tai feng you ji shi yuan cheng tai feng （zhi tai feng lu jing yu yan jiu ou yu ju li jiao yuan ,wei zhi jie deng liu gai ou yu ）dui hai an sheng tai huan jing de ying xiang yan jiu jiao shao 。chao jian dai shi de shi shou tai feng ying xiang de cui ruo sheng tai ji tong ,kai zhan tai feng dui chao jian dai shi de chen ji dong li guo cheng de yuan wei jian ce yan jiu shi fen chong yao 。ben wen shua qu chang jiang kou na hui chao tan （mo chao gou fa yo ）he chong ming dong tan chao gou wei yan jiu dui xiang ,li yong xian jin de gao fen bian lv chao liu 、bo lang 、xuan sha nong du 、gao cheng deng ce liang yi qi jin hang xian chang guan ce ,huo qu le 15ge tai feng qian 、zhong 、hou de ji lie shu ju ,kai zhan tai feng dui chao jian dai shi de chen ji dong li guo cheng ying xiang de yuan wei guan ce yan jiu 。ji zhong ,yi ge wei jin ju li tai feng （tai feng zhong xin yu ye wai guan ce dian de zui xiao ju li wei 60km）,14ge wei yuan cheng tai feng （ge tai feng zhong xin yu yan jiu ou yu de zui xiao ju li wei 4502000 km）。zhu yao jie guo he jie lun ru xia :1)tai feng dui chao tan shi de shui dong li ying xiang shou tai feng lang ji jin an da feng ying xiang ,chao tan shui dong li da da zeng jiang 。jin an you xiao bo gao yu tai feng ying xiang yin zi xiang guan guan ji fen xi biao ming ,jin an bo gao yu tai feng jiang du bian hua bu wan quan tong bu ,er shi you 14ge chao zhou ji de zhi hou xian xiang 。zhe zhu yao shi yin wei yuan cheng tai feng yu yan jiu ou yu cun zai jiao yuan ju li ,tai feng zhong xin fu jin chan sheng de tai feng lang xu yao yi duan shi jian cai neng chuan bo dao chang jiang kou ou yu 。wei le pai chu chao cha dui chao liu liu su ji bo gao de ying xiang ,te shua qu chao kuang xiang shi de ping jing tian qi he tai feng tian qi chao zhou ji ,jin hang shui dong li dui bi yan jiu 。jie guo biao ming ,tai feng ying xiang ji jian ,chao tan chao zhou ji ping jun you xiao bo gao shi xiang shi chao kuang ping jing tian qi xia de 3.1bei ,ping jun chao liu liu su shi xiang shi chao kuang ping jing tian qi xia de 1.5bei ,ping jun bo -liu lian ge jian qie ying li (τcw)shi xiang shi chao kuang ping jing tian qi xia de 1.8bei 。2)tai feng dui chao tan shi de xuan sha nong du de ying xiang chao tan jin de yao 1 mxuan sha nong du pou mian shu ju yan jiu jie guo biao ming ,chao zhou ji ping jun xuan sha nong du yu τcwzhi gao du zheng xiang guan ,bing ju sui zhao τcwde zeng da ,xuan sha nong du cheng zhi shu qu shi zeng jia 。zhe biao ming ,yuan cheng tai feng tong guo ying xiang chao tan shui dong li ,jin er ying xiang zhao chao tan de xuan sha nong du 。xiang shi chao kuang xia ,yuan cheng tai feng ying xiang ji jian chao zhou ji chui xiang ping jun xuan sha nong du shi zheng chang tian qi xia de 1.72.9bei 。tai feng ying xiang xian zhe shi ke ,chao tan jin de ceng xuan sha nong du chao guo le yi qi jian ce shang xian ,fu ni ceng zui da hou du jie jin 1 m。tai feng dui xuan sha nong du de ying xiang chi xu shi jian chang yu dui shui dong li de ying xiang ,yin wei zai tai feng ying xiang hou ji shui dong li zhu jian jian ruo ,shui ti zhong xuan fu chen ji wu de chen ji xu yao yi xie shi jian ,ji chu xian xuan fu chen ji wu “chen jiang zhi hou xiao ying ”。3)tai feng dui chao tan wen ding xing de ying xiang na hui chao tan guan ce jia fu jin ,gao pin lv chao tan xiang dui gao cheng ce liang jie guo biao ming ,chao tan gao cheng shou yuan cheng tai feng ying xiang xian zhe ,tan mian gao cheng sui tai feng ying xiang de zeng jiang er shi di ,sui zhao tai feng ying xiang de jian ruo er zhu jian yu gao 。ji zhong tai feng “shi zi shan ”ji jian 、“mo lan di ”yu “ma le ka ”shuang tai feng ji jian ji tai feng “nian yu ”ji jian chao tan biao mian chu xian ming xian qin shi xian xiang ,tai feng “mo lan di ”、“ma le ka ”ying xiang jie shu hou chao tan cheng xian kuai su hui yu zhuang tai 。guan ce jia fu jin ,tan mian xiang dui gao cheng de bian hua qu shi yu τcwcheng fu xiang guan guan ji ,bing ju zhe xie bian liang zhi jian de xiang guan ji shu wei 0.6。zhe biao ming sui zhao τcwzhi de zeng jia ,chao tan qu xiang yu qin shi ,fan zhi yi ran 。zai chui zhi yu an xian fang xiang shang ,chao tan gao cheng duan mian guan ce jie guo biao ming ,shuang tai feng ying xiang ji jian ,yan zhao chao tan nei bu he chao jian dai zhong bu chu yu yu ji zhuang tai ,ji zhong yan zhao chao tan nei bu ping jun yu gao 0.21 m,zui da yu ji hou du 0.45 m;guang tan -cao tan jiao jie chu he chao jian dai xia bu ,chu yu qin shi zhuang tai ,guang tan -cao tan jiao jie chu qin shi zui jiang lie ,zui da qin shi shen du da 0.28 m。ci wai ,zai guang tan -cao tan jiao jie chu de yi ge chong ji sha po ,shou shuang tai feng ying xiang hou sha po zheng ti xiang liu qian yi le yao 30 m,sha po po ding bian zhai ,po du bian dou ,hou tui de sha ti yan mai le yuan you zhi wu 。4)tai feng dui chao tan biao ceng chen ji wu de ying xiang chao tan biao ceng chen ji wu li jing ji ji zu cheng ,dui chao tan shui dong li bian hua xiang ying min gan 。tai feng ying xiang ji jian ,chao tan shui dong li da da zeng jiang ,xi ke li xuan fu chen ji wu nan yi chen jiang ,chao tan biao ceng yuan you xi ke li ye ke neng bei zai xuan fu jin ru shui ti ,sui zhao zhang la chao shui liu ban yun 、zai fen bu ,chao tan biao ceng chen ji wu li jing chu xian cu hua ,chen ji wu zu fen zhong sha han liang zeng da ;tai feng ying xiang guo hou ,chao tan shui dong li zhu jian jian ruo ,chao tan biao ceng kai shi jie shou shui ti zhong xuan fu ke li de chen jiang ,chao tan biao ceng chen ji wu li jing chu xian xun su xi hua ,chen ji wu zu fen zhong nian tu 、fen sha han liang zeng da 。you yu yuan cheng tai feng yu yan jiu ou yu ju li jiao yuan ,tai feng chan sheng de chong lang chuan bo dao jin an xu yao yi duan shi jian ,gu chao tan biao ceng chen ji wu li jing ji zu fen de bian hua yu yuan cheng tai feng jiang du bian hua bu wan quan tong bu ,ju you 14ge chao zhou ji de zhi hou xing 。ci wai ,chao jian dai shi de bu tong de duan chen ji wu dui tai feng de xiang ying cheng du ye bu tong ,guang tan biao ceng chen ji wu shou tai feng ying xiang zui da ,chen ji wu cu hua ke da yuan chen ji wu li jing de 2bei yi shang ,chao gou he yan zhao chao tan zhong xia bu ci zhi ,yan zhao chao tan zhong shang bu ying xiang zui xiao 。biao ceng chen ji wu fen shua xing ,tai feng ying xiang hou bi tai feng ying xiang qian geng hao ,feng du bian de geng wei zhai jian 。5)tai feng dui chao gou shui sha shu yun de ying xiang yu ping jing tian qi xiang bi ,tai feng “ma jie ”he “wen bi ya ”ying xiang ji jian ,jin an feng su zeng da 34bei ,you xiao bo gao zeng da 715bei ,chao liu liu su zeng da yao 12bei 。tai feng lang lang 、jiang jiang yu he chao liu liu su de zeng jiang ,jia da le dui shui ti de rao dong ,de chuang chen ji wu bei da liang xuan fu jin ru shui ti ,shi shui ti xuan sha nong du bi xiang shi chao kuang ping jing tian qi xia da 311bei 。jin ru shui ti de chen ji wu ,sui zhao zhang la chao chao liu ban li le yuan de ,shi yan zhao wai guang tan 、chao gou ji ji fu jin yan zhao tan zao shou qin shi 。han sha liang zeng da de shui ti ,sui zhao zhang la chao chao liu shu ru he shu chu yan zhao chao gou nei bu ,cheng xian “da jin da chu ”de te dian ,chao zhou ji nei chao gou chan kuan ni sha shu yun tong liang bi ping jing tian qi xia da 433bei ,chan kuan ni sha jing shu sha liang da 817bei 。dan you yu yan zhao nei bu shui dong li jiao ruo ,mao mi de yan zhao zhi bei ju you bu sha he fang zhi tan mian qin shi de zuo yong ,shi de chao zhou ji nei ni sha chan kuan jing tong liang zhi xiang yan zhao chao tan ,cu jin le yan zhao tan nei bu ni sha de yu ji 。zeng shang suo shu ,tai feng （ji bian shi ji bai huo shang qian gong li yi wai de yuan cheng tai feng ）dui chang jiang kou chao jian dai shi de chen ji dong li guo cheng ju you chong yao ying xiang ,ying zai hai an shi de bao hu guan li zhong gei yu gao du chong shi 。
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论文作者分别是来自华东师范大学的范吉庆，发表于刊物华东师范大学2019-07-02论文，是一篇关于台风论文,淤泥质潮滩论文,潮间带湿地论文,水动力论文,悬沙浓度论文,粒径论文,长江口论文,南汇潮滩论文,华东师范大学2019-07-02论文的文章。本文可供学术参考使用，各位学者可以免费参考阅读下载，文章观点不代表本站观点，资料来自华东师范大学2019-07-02论文网站，若本站收录的文献无意侵犯了您的著作版权，请联系我们删除。
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