英汉指示代词的对比研究

论文摘要

本文主要利用描述的写法,对英语和汉语的指示代词作了初步的对比研究。本文的特点在于对英语和汉语的指示代词进行了历时和共时的交叉性研究;利用相关语言学理论及同指示代词相关的理论进行研讨,这是综合性的分析;对于具体的语言现象、被忽略的语言事实进行了描述:对于别人未曾想到或未曾讨论的方面进行讨论研究,如,对指示代词“彼/此”,“this/that”在俗语中的使用进行了进一步的研究,在语音、形态方面对英汉指示代词进行比较也是前人没有涉及过的,最终的目的是求同存异;全面但并不深入地利用各种西方语言学理论探讨英语和汉语指示代词的异同。第一章概述了英语和汉语指示代词的定义。指出了本文的研究目标,即进行英汉指示代词对比研究是要建立起真正适合汉语研究的理论和方法。第二章回顾了东西方学者对指示代词的研究。中国学者对指示代词的研究大多局限于汉语的指示代词,只有一些博士论文涉及到了英汉指示代词的比较研究。第三章论述了与本文有关的语言学理论。根据对比分析理论,本文从语音、词形、句法、语义和语用等多方面展开英汉指示代词的对比研究。本文在历时和共时两个层面上研究英汉指示代词,涉及到历时和共时的概念。代词和指示代词的理论,衔接和连贯的理论为本文中指示代词的指代功能的研究提供理论依据。第四章主要从历时的角度研究英汉指示代词。在古英语（450-1150A.D.）中,主要的指示代词是se（相当于that）和（?）es（相当于this）,（?）a（相当于those）。古代汉语中用不同的词来做指示代词,表示相同的意思（相当于“这”或“那”）。可能是由于汉语中的方言差距,很多指示代词发音相近,经过规范之后,有些古代汉语的指示代词分化出来,作其它用法。第五章从共时的角度,从语音、形态、句法、语义和语用等方面对英汉指示代词进行研究。第六章总结了本文的主要内容和研究成果。指出本文从历时语言学和共时语言学两个层面进行交叉研究的方法比较深刻的揭示了英汉指示代词在不同时期的使用和变化,指出了英汉指示代词的异同,以及本研究对翻译和语言教学的指导意义。

论文目录

• Acknowledgements
• Abstract
• 摘要
• 前言
• 1 Introduction
• 1.1 The Definition of the Demonstrative
• 1.1.1 The Definition of Chinese Demonstratives
• 1.1.2 The Definition of English Demonstratives
• 1.2 The Possibility and Necessity of the Study
• 1.2.1 The Possibility—Theoretical Issues
• 1.2.2 The Necessity—Application
• 1.3 The Goal of the Thesis
• 1.4 The Organization of the Thesis
• 2 Literature Review
• 2.1 Studies on English Demonstrative Pronouns
• 2.1.1 The Traditional Structuralism
• 2.1.2 Chomsky's Syntactic Analysis
• 2.1.3 Levinson's Syntactic and Pragmatic Analysis
• 2.1.4 Study in the Perspective of Discourse
• 2.1.5 Study on the Implicit Anaphora
• 2.2 Studies on Chinese Demonstratives Pronouns
• 2.2.1 Study in the Syntactic Perspective
• 2.2.2 Study in the Discourse Perspective
• 2.3 The Comparison Studies and Problems
• 2.3.1 Study by Xu Yulong
• 2.3.2 Study by Lǜ Jun
• 2.3.3 Study by Fang Chang
• 2.3.4 Study by Li Dan
• 2.3.5 Study by Quan Wei
• 3 Some Theoretical and Principles Concerned
• 3.1 Contrast Analysis
• 3.2 Synchronic vs.Diachronic
• 3.3 About Pronouns and Demonstratives
• 3.4 Cohesion & Coherence
• 4 Diachronic Study of English and Chinese Demonstratives
• 4.1 Historical Development of English Demonstratives
• 4.1.1 Demonstratives in Old English
• 4.1.2 Demonstratives in Middle English
• 4.1.3 Demonstratives in Modern English in idioms
• 4.2 Historical Development of Chinese Demonstratives
• 4.2.1 The Appearance of Demonstratives in Written Chinese
• 4.2.2 Chinese Demonstratives in the Ciyuan
• 4.2.2.1 "这"
• 4.2.2.2 "那"
• 4.2.2.3 "此"
• 4.2.2.4 "彼"
• 4.2.3 The Original Form of "这" and "那"
• 4.2.3.1 The Original Form of "这"
• 4.2.3.2 The Original Form of "那"
• 4.2.4 More Examples of Demonstratives in Classical Chinese
• 4.3 Summary
• 5 Synchronic Study of English and Chinese Demonstratives
• 5.1 Phonological Approach to Chinese Demonstratives
• 5.1.1 Study on the Sounds of "彼" and "此"
• 5.1.2 Study on the Sounds of "这" and "那"
• 5.2 Morphological Approach to the Comparison between English and Chinese Demonstratives
• 5.2.1 Morphological study of "彼" and "此"
• 5.2.2 Morphological study of "这" and "那"
• 5.2.3 Morphological study of"this" and "that"
• 5.2.4 Full words or Particles
• 5.2.5 Summary
• 5.3 Syntactic Approach to the Comparison between English and Chinese Demonstratives
• 5.3.1 Demonstrative Pronouns and Demonstrative Determiners
• 5.3.2 Demonstrative Adverbs
• 5.3.3 Demonstrative Identifiers
• 5.3.4 Demonstrative Determiner
• 5.3.5 Definite and Indefinite
• 5.3.6 Summary
• 5.4 Semantic Approach to the Comparison between English and Chinese Demonstratives
• 5.5 Pragmatic Approach to the Comparison between English and Chinese Demonstratives
• 5.5.1 The Exophoric Use
• 5.5.2 The Comparison of Anaphora and Cataphora between English and Chinese Demonstratives
• 5.6 Application and Practice of Demonstratives
• 6 Conclusion
• Appendix
• References