错误分析及避免错误石化的策略研究

论文摘要

Second language is learned by learners after the way of thinking in their first language has rooted in mind. That is, second language is not acquired in infancy with the influence of surroundings. It is learned from formal linguistic teaching in China, so the learning of it is difficult, and learners inevitably make errors. Then what reasons cause these errors? How should learners deal with them? These questions ask us to analyze learners’errors systematically.After the general introduction, Chapter One will make error analysis （EA） detailedly and systematically. There are four steps in EA: error identification, error description, error explanation, and error evaluation.There should be a standard to identify errors. An error can be defined as a deviation from the norms of the target language. Difference between an error and a mistake should also be made clear. Corder （1971） distinguished an error and a mistake: an error is a systematic deviation made by learners who have not yet mastered the rules of the second language; while a mistake is a random performance slip caused by fatigue, excitement, etc. A learner cannot self-correct an error because it is a product reflecting his current stage of second language development, or underlying competence; while he can self-correct a mistake, because it is the result of misusing a certain rule at a certain time when learners have already known the rule. However, sometimes it is difficult to recognize whether the learner’s incorrect use is the result of the lack of knowledge or is the failure in performance. Therefore, the errors discussed in this thesis include both of them.Error description is a process of contrastive analysis （CA）. By making contrastive analysis, errors are found. CA can partly explain learner errors, but its ability to predict learner errors is limited. We can not call it an end after making error description. Errors should also be classified according to the properties of errors. Generally speaking, errors can be divided into interlingual errors, intralingual errors, errors

论文目录

• Introduction
• Chapter One Error Analysis （EA）
• 1.1 Introduction
• 1.1.1 The Background of Error Analysis
• 1.1.2 Interlanguage ─the Basis of EA
• 1.2 The Process of EA
• 1.2.1 Error Identification
• 1.2.2 Error Description
• 1.2.2.1 Error Description
• 1.2.2.2 Error Classification
• 1.2.3 Error Explanation
• 1.2.4 Error Evaluation
• 1.3 Conclusion
• Chapter Two Research Design and Data Collection
• 2.1 Previous Researches of Error Analysis
• 2.1.1 Researches Abroad
• 2.1.2 Researches in China
• 2.2 Research Design and Data Collection
• 2.2.1 Subject
• 2.2.2 Instrument and Procedure
• 2.2.3 Data Collection
• 2.2.4 Descriptive Statistics
• Chapter Three Discussion
• 3.1 Analysis of the Errors in the Research
• 3.2 Countermeasures to Remove the Errors
• 3.3 Limitations of the Research
• Chapter Four The Avoidance of Error Fossilization
• 4.1 Introduction
• 4.2 The Reasons for Error Fossilization
• 4.3 The Avoidance of Error Fossilization
• 4.3.1 Krashen’s Input Hypothesis
• 4.3.2 Comprehensive Output
• 4.3.3 The Function of Consciousness
• 4.3.4 The Input of the Target Culture
• 4.3.5 Improving Learning Settings
• 4.4 Conclusion
• Conclusion
• Bibliography
• Appendix
• Abstract
• 中文摘要
• Acknowledgements
• 导师简介和作者简介