功能翻译理论在外贸函电翻译中的应用

论文摘要

作为商业活动中重要的环节,外贸函电翻译的准确与否直接关系到生意的成败。根据奈达的功能对等理论,翻译要实现原文和译文的功能对等而不是单纯的形式对等。赖斯的功能类型强调翻译要采取适当的策略以满足目标文本特定目的的需要。赖斯的学生费米尔突破了对等理论的局限,创建了对功能翻译理论有深刻影响的目的论,他指出翻译方法和翻译策略要有译文的预期目的或功能决定。曼塔利发展了目的论,提出了更为激进的翻译行动。所谓译者行动是指译者所有的行动,而不仅仅是传统意义上的翻译。诺德,继续发扬和完善了功能翻译理论,提出了“功能加忠诚”的理论模式。外贸函电不同于与其他文本类型,它具有自身的特征。外贸函电指的是客户之间通过信件往来交流。它区别与面对面的交流,通过书面的方式进行交流。首先,外贸函电具有其独特的功能特征：传递并保存信息；可以作为合同或协议；还可作为公司的记录资料以备将来查阅。除了功能差异,外贸函电还拥有独具特色的语言特征,表现在三个不同的层面：词汇、句法以及语用。词汇方面,外贸函电采用专业术语、缩略词、正式语及古体词等。句法方面,侧重于使用长句和被动句。语用方面则要讲求礼貌性、正式性等。要将功能翻译论应用与外贸函电的翻译,就必须要解释该理论在外贸函电翻译中的适用性。功能翻译理论的三个原则——目的法则、连贯性法则和忠实性法则、诺德的忠诚原则——对于外贸函电翻译具有积极的实践指导作用,完全适用于外贸函电这种文本翻译。功能翻译理论要求翻译不必拘泥于形式对等,尤为重要的是要实现功能对等,这就要求翻译过程中要采用各种各样的翻译技巧来实现翻译目的。在词汇层面,可以采用增词、减词、转化等翻译技巧；在句法层面,可以采用分句法、倒装法、将被动语态译成主动语态等。语篇方面则要满足礼貌性和准确性的要求。总之,功能翻译理论应用对于外贸函电翻译具有重要指导作用和实际意义。

论文目录

• 摘要
• ABSTRACT
• Chapter One Introduction
• 1.1 Background and Significance of the Study
• 1.2 Research Questions
• 1.3 Organization of the Study
• Chapter Two Literature Review
• 2.1 Nida's Dynamic Equivalence and Functional Equivalence
• 2.2 Origin and Development of Functionalist Translation Theory
• 2.3 German Functionalist Translation Theory
• 2.3.1 Katharina Reiss and Text Typology
• 2.3.2 Hans J. Vermeer's Skopostheorie
• 2.3.3 Justa Holz-Manttari's Theory of Translational Action
• 2.3.4 Christiane Nord and Loyalty Principle
• 2.4 Previous Studies on the Translation of English Business Correspondence
• 2.4.1 Previous Studies on the Translation of English Business Correspondence
• 2.4.2 Limitations of These Researches
• Chapter Three Methodology
• 3.1 Data Collection
• 3.2 Research Procedure
• 3.3 Research Method
• Chapter Four Analysis of English Business Correspondence
• 4.1 Definition of Business Correspondence
• 4.2 Nature of English Business Correspondence
• 4.3 Functions of the Business Correspondence
• 4.4 Features of English Business Letters
• 4.4.1 Lexical Features
• 4.4.2 Syntactic Features
• 4.4.3 Pragmatic Features
• Chapter Five Applications of Functionalist Translation Theory to the Translation ofEnglish Business Correspondence
• 5.1 Applicability of Functionalist Translation Theory to English Business Correspondence Translation
• 5.1.1 Applicability of the Skopos Rule in English Business Correspondence Translation
• 5.1.2 Applicability of the Coherence Rule and the Fidelity Rule In English Business Correspondence Translation
• 5.1.3 Applicability of the Loyalty Principle in English Business Correspondence Translation
• 5.2 Application of Functionalist Translation Theory in the Translation of English Business Correspondence
• 5.2.1 Application at Lexical Level
• 5.2.2 Application at Syntactic Level
• 5.2.3 Application at Pragmatic Level
• Chapter Six Conclusion
• 6.1 Major Findings of the Research
• 6.2 Limitations of the Study And Suggestions for Further Study
• References
• Publication
• Acknowledgement