中西人格的跨文化比较研究

中西人格的跨文化比较研究

论文摘要

从静态意义上讲,人格是个人身心和行为所表现的特质的综合;从动态意义上讲,人格是个人在团体内所担任的社会角色。而个体的思想和行为及个体社会角色的发挥无不受到其生活着的社会价值观的熏陶而发生作用。价值在人格体系中占据着一个相当重要的地位,它代表一种行为的目的或方向,这种行为的目的或方向表现在人与人及人与环境的互动关系中。在人与人的互动关系中,西方文化重视个体潜能的实现,而中国文化更强调自我克制及顾全大局;在人与环境的互动关系中,西方文化重视人对环境的操控,而中国文化更强调人与环境的融合。人格作为人类的一种抽象形式是各文化成员共有的,在日常生活和跨文化交际中发挥着重要作用。健康全面的人格有助于人们更好的迎接生活中的挑战。通过综合运用文献研究法、案例研究法和观察法,本课题研究目的是比较中西传统文化中的人格差异并发掘差异产生的文化根源。本研究共分为三个部分,包括六个章节。第一部分包括第一、二章,集中说明了研究动机和意义,并对中西方在本领域的研究现状做了回顾。第一章介绍了人格研究的重要性及其在跨文化交际中产生的影响。第二章是对国内外人格研究文献综述。第二部分包括第三和第四章,第三章从意义、内容和表现形式上探讨了中西人格的不同。第四章以价值观理论为依托探究了导致中西人格特征不同表现的深层次的文化根源。第三部分包括第五章和第六章。第五章探讨了在跨文化交际背景下的文化冲突和冲突管理并提出了针对跨文化冲突管理的建议。第六章对中西人格特征进行了总结,同时也指出了研究的不足和需要改进的地方。在现有的有关于人格问题的研究中,很多研究者都已经认识到中西人格具有跨文化的特征,但鲜有系统性地对中西各自人格进行范式研究。本文从中西方对人格概念和内容入手,以美国两位人类学家克拉克洪和斯托特柏克提出的人性,人与自然关系,人与时间关系,人的活动取向及人的关系取向五个角度为研究范式,着重分析并阐释了中西不同人格特征的思想和行为表现。并从两个理论层面对其产生的文化根源进行了追踪:即个人主义和集体主义;权利距离;避免不确定性和自我构元。最后,文章总结出中西方人格的主要差异—中国呈现出他人取向的依附性道德人格,西方主要是自我取向的独立性人格;虽然改革开放给中国带来了西方思想,但他人取向的依附性道德人格仍是主流。同时,本文对因文化与人格相互影响而产生的跨文化冲突管理也做了探索,以提高人们的跨文化交际意识。

论文目录

  • 摘要
  • Abstract
  • 1 Introduction
  • 1.1 The Significance of Personality
  • 1.2 The Influence of Personality on Intercultural Communication
  • 1.3 The Layout of the Paper
  • 2 Literature Review
  • 2.1 Research Trends of Personality in the West
  • 2.2 Research Trends of Personality in China
  • 3 Personality in the West and China
  • 3.1 The Meanings of Personality in the West and China
  • 3.1.1 The Origin of Personality
  • 3.1.2 The Extant Definitions in the West and China
  • 3.1.3 Personality and Intercultural Communication
  • 3.2 The Contents of Personality in the West and China
  • 3.2.1 Self and Personality
  • 3.2.2 Cognition, Emotion and Motivation in Personality
  • 3.3 The Manifestations of Personality in the West and China
  • 3.3.1 Difference between Chinese Personality and Western Personality on Human Nature
  • 3.3.1.1 Chinese Personality on Human Nature
  • 3.3.1.2 Western Personality on Human Nature
  • 3.3.2 Difference between Chinese Personality and Western Personalityon Relationship between Man and Nature
  • 3.3.2.1 Chinese Personality on Relationship between Man and Nature
  • 3.3.2.2 Western Personality on Relationship between Man and Nature
  • 3.3.3 Difference between Chinese Personality and Western Personality on Time Orientation
  • 3.3.3.1 Chinese Personality on Time Orientation
  • 3.3.3.2 Western Personality on Time Orientation
  • 3.3.4 Difference between Chinese Personality and Western Personalityon Activity Orientation
  • 3.3.4.1 Chinese Personality on Activity Orientation
  • 3.3.4.2 Western Personality on Activity Orientation
  • 3.3.5 Difference between Chinese Personality and Western Personality on Social Relationships Orientation
  • 3.3.5.1 Chinese Personality on Social Relationships Orientation
  • 3.3.5.2 Western Personality on Social Relationships Orientation
  • 4 Reasons of the Difference
  • 4.1 Value Orientation
  • 4.1.1 Individualism versus Collectivism
  • 4.1.2 Power Distance
  • 4.1.3 Uncertainty Avoidance
  • 4.2 Self-construal
  • 5 Personality and Intercultural Conflict Management
  • 5.1 Personality and Intercultural Conflict
  • 5.2 Intercultural Conflict Management
  • 6 Conclusion
  • Bibliography
  • Academic Achievements and Awards
  • Acknowledgements
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    中西人格的跨文化比较研究
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