教育服务贸易分析与中国教育市场发展探索

论文摘要

服务贸易总协定的宗旨是增强国际贸易自由化，而“教育”被包含于服务项下。教育愈来愈被看成一种商品，消费者购买其以求建立一套应用于市场的技能；抑或被视为一种产品，为跨国公司、商业化的学术机构和其它供应者购买和出售。高等教育服务贸易是一项商机巨大的产业，包括招收留学生，海外建立大学，特许授权办学和远程教育。一些学者认为服务贸易总协定是一股积极的力量，因为它能够加速私营和外国高等教育供应商的流入以填补国内教育能力空缺；否定的观点认为自由化可能导致质量保证中重要组成部分达成妥协，并允许私营和外国高等教育供应商垄断最好的学生和最有利可图的项目。服务贸易总协定的宏观框架下有包括国际规则、观念及壁垒等在内的特别要件，本文第一章和第二章就这些要件提供总体介绍。第三章和第四章分别列出了当今教育服务贸易的主要理论基础和四种服务供给模式。五个重要的英语国家均已建立起成熟的国内教育服务市场，而又各具独特的风格与优势。几个亚洲邻国也已经行动起来希求从教育服务贸易中分得一份利益。第五章对这些国家的教育实践和规则进行考察，以更好地了解了国际关系状况并为中国的教育服务贸易找到具有竞争力的位置。加入WTO以来，中国教育圈也在积极地适应单级世界，经济全球化和科技快速发展的国际局势。第六章论述了中国教育服务贸易现状和发展趋势，进而在第七章分析了我国同外国的比较优劣势。尾章从政府功能和市场机制等方面试为中国教育服务贸易今后的发展提出建议。

论文目录

• ABSTRACT
• 摘要
• Chapter I Introduction
• Chapter II GATS Regulations to Trade in Educational Services
• 2.1 Modes of Trade in Services
• 2.2 The Concept of International Trade in Educational Services
• 2.3 Barriers
• 2.4 Student Access
• 2.5 Regulation of Foreign or Cross Border Providers
• Chapter III Theories on Contemporary International Trade in Educational Services
• 3.1 Theory of Comparative Advantages
• 3.2 Theory of Resource Endowments
• 3.3 The Diamond of National Competitive Advantage
• 3.3.1 Factor Conditions
• 3.3.2 Demand Conditions
• 3.3.3 Related and Supporting Industries
• 3.3.4 Firm Strategy, Structure and Rivalry
• 3.4 Theory of Free Market
• 3.5 Theory of Public Choices
• Chapter IV Four Modes of Trade in Educational Services
• 4.1 General Idea of Educational Revolution
• 4.2 Four Modes of Educational Service Trade
• 4.3 Cross-border Supply
• 4.4 Consumption Abroad
• 4.5 Commercial Presence
• 4.6 International Movement of Natural Persons
• Chapter V Educational Service Development in Major Western and Asian Countries
• 5.1 Profit Distribution among Developed and Developing Countries
• 5.1.1 Rationales and Benefits
• 5.1.2 Developing Country Interests
• 5.2 Educational Service Development in Five Major English Speaking Countries
• 5.2.1 An Overview of the Five
• 5.2.2 United Kingdom （UK）
• 5.2.3 United States of America （US）
• 5.2.4 Canada
• 5.2.5 Australia
• 5.2.6 New Zealand
• 5.3 New Destination Countries—Education Hubs in Asia
• 5.3.1 Singapore
• 5.3.2 Malaysia
• Chapter VI Current Situation and Trend of Educational Service Trade in China
• 6.1 Four Opinions to Chinese Talent's Outflow
• 6.2 Push-pull Theory
• 6.3 Economic Benefit and Technology Benefit
• 6.3.1 Establishing Hi-tech Industry and Attracting Foreign Investment and Foreign Brains
• 6.3.2 Earning Foreign Exchange and Increasing Employment Opportunities
• 6.4 Social Benefit
• 6.4.1 Cultural Amalgamation
• 6.4.2 Nongovernmental Diplomacy
• Chapter VII Comparative Advantages and Disadvantages of Chinese Educational Service Trade
• 7.1 The Comparative Advantage of Chinese Educational Service —Basing on Domestic Market
• 7.1.1 Consumer Preference
• 7.1.2 Supplying Factors
• 7.2 The Comparative Advantage of Chinese Educational Service—Basing on the World Market
• 7.2.1 Consumer Preference
• 7.2.2 Supplying Factors
• 7.3 Comparative Disadvantage
• 7.3.1 Consumer Preference
• 7.3.2 Supplying Factors
• Chapter VIII Suggestions for Chinese Educational Market Development
• 8.1 Commitments Made by China
• 8.2 Master the Opening Degree of the Trade in Educational Services
• 8.2.1 Particularity of Educational Service as a Commodity
• 8.2.2 Suggestions
• REFERENCES
• ACKNOWLEDGEMENT