话语标记语Ⅰ suppose

论文摘要

话语标记语作为日常用语中一种常见的语言现象,早已引起国内外语言学家的普遍关注。然而,作为一种同样常见的语言现象,I suppose, I think, I guess却没有被广泛接受为话语标记语而被语言学家广泛研究,只有个别语言学家从不同角度对其进行分析,期间多为语法方面的研究。有称之为模糊行为动词,插入语,话语操作词,心理动词等等。因此,单从这类词的命名上可以看出,语言学家对其性质还莫衷一是。本文基于英国国家语料库和3000文学原著的基础上,对I suppose在定量分析的基础上作定性研究。旨在说明,I suppose是话语标记语,同其他话语标记语有着相同的特点。同时在对其语法构造,词义及语用功能的分析中发现:话语标记语I suppose的形成过程是一个语法化的过程,是动词suppose语法化的形式,在此过程中,I suppose作为固定形式具有了副词的特点,其句法位置,意义都发生了根本改变。基于言语行为理论,本文分析发现:在保留源动词suppose意义的同时,话语标记语I suppose在位于句首或句中时,其意义同源动词的意义相同,只是在用法上更倾向于表达说话人的肯定态度,涉及说话人的个人观点;而在位于句尾时,I suppose的意义在源动词意义的基础上受语境的影响而被听话人得出不同解释,表现出说话人对所说话的不确定或是试探听话人的态度。应此得出,作为话语标记语,I suppose也是礼貌中的手段之一,主要对所说话起到修饰的作用,在不同的句法位置会产生不同的效果。

论文目录

• Acknowledgements
• 摘要
• Abstract
• Figures and Tables
• Chapter One Introduction
• Chapter Two Discourse Markers
• 2.1 The functions of language
• 2.2 Discourse markers
• 2.2.1 The general properties of discourse markers
• 2.2.2 Summary
• Chapter Three Past Researches
• 3.1 The grammaticalization analysis of discourse markers
• 3.2 The analysis on semantics about discourse markers
• 3.3 The analysis of discourse markers based on the Speech-Act-Theory
• 3.3.1 Speech-Act-Theory
• 3.3.2 Illocution analysis of these markers
• 3.4 Summary
• Chapter Four the Discourse Marker I suppose
• 4.1 The grammaticalization of discourse marker I suppose
• 4.1.1 Layering
• 4.1.2 Divergence
• 4.1.3 Persistence
• 4.1.4 De-categorialization
• 4.1.5 Specialization
• 4.2 The meaning conveyed by the discourse marker I suppose
• 4.2.1 The core meaning of I suppose
• 4.2.2 The pragmatic meaning of I suppose
• 4.3 Illocutionary force of the discourse marker I suppose
• 4.3.1 Illocutionary force of the marker in sentence-initial position
• 4.3.2 Illocutionary force of the marker in sentence-final position
• 4.3.3 The distribution of discourse marker I suppose
• 4.4 Pragmatic functions of discourse marker I suppose
• 4.4.1 Politeness
• 4.4.2 Mitigation of discourse marker I suppose
• 4.4.2.1 Speaker’s commitment
• 4.4.2.2 Illocutionary forces assigned to the addressee
• Chapter Five Conclusion
• 1) The marker I suppose is a grammaticized form.
• 2) The meaning of the marker tends to be more connected with the speaker’s psychological state.
• 3) It is one of the devices for the speaker to mitigate the unwanted consequence of what he or she expresses, showing politeness to the hearer.
• Bibliography