本文主要研究内容
作者田梦（2019）在《环渤海大雾形成的观测和模拟分析及影响机制研究》一文中研究指出：环渤海区域亦或是环渤海经济圈,在我国的沿海发展战略中占有非常重要的地位,特别是国家提出“京津冀一体化”协同发展和“一带一路”之后,其区位优势更加明显。环渤海区域经济发达、交通便利,拥有我国北方最大的综合性港口群,陆地、海洋和空中交通运输网密集,但频发的大雾天气常常会对该区域的各项经济活动造成严重影响。然而,海岸带雾的预报是一直存在的难题,特别是环渤海区域,因其特定地理环境和气候因素,该区域大雾的形成机制有别于国内外其他沿海区域,给该地区雾的预报工作提出了很大的困难和挑战。为增加对环渤海区域大雾形成机理的认识,进一步提高预报准确率,有必要对该区域大雾的演变过程、边界层特征和影响大雾形成的物理因素进行深入研究。因此,本文针对典型冬季平流雾过程,首先利用微波辐射计、风廓线雷达、四分量辐射仪和超声风速仪等多种类型观测资料和多个陆地与海洋常规气象站、海上浮标站、探空站实测资料以及卫星云图和NCEP FNL再分析数据,对2006-2016年4次大雾过程(以2016年12月17-19日为主)的环流形势、边界层演变特征和形成机制开展了观测研究,认识到雾前期的西南低空急流对冬季大雾形成和长时间维持的关键影响。其次,在观测研究的基础上,利用中尺度天气模式Weather Research and Forecasting Model(WRF)对大雾形成机制进一步开展模拟研究,并进一步针对低空急流及其引导的平流水汽输送和渤海海洋对环渤海区域大雾的影响,开展了数值模拟敏感性试验。得到的主要结论如下:(1)对2006年2月12-14日、2013年1月27-31日、2016年12月17-19日、2016年12月29日-2017年1月1日4次持续性环渤海大雾个例进行分析,发现这几次大雾过程都存在相似环流特征,即对流层高层为平直西风气流,对流层低层均经历了由大陆高压前侧偏北气流控制,到高压入海后的后部西南气流控制的转变,因此大雾形成前期,偏南暖湿气流输送明显。以2016年12月17-19日的大雾过程为例,雾前期,入海高压于黄海南部上空稳定少动,随着大陆低压不断东移,水平气压梯度增大导致高低压之间产生了超过16 m/s的强低空急流。与其相伴的暖湿气流输送为环渤海区域提供了约1200 m厚的稳定逆温层和持续的水汽输送,近地面比湿的增速与低空急流的强度成正比,非常有利于后期大雾天气的形成。当西北弱冷空气东移南下侵入环渤海区域,与该地区前期暖湿气团混合形成了此次锋面雾过程。大雾首先在水汽通量辐合区域的辽东湾西岸形成,在冷空气不断侵入的过程中不断向南岸扩展,最终形成平行渤海西岸的一条东北-西南走向的雾带。(2)大雾形成前,环渤海区域大气边界层水汽增加,使得向下的短波辐射通量逐渐减小,向下的长波辐射通量逐渐增加。大雾形成后,向下长波辐射通量的增加最为明显,且近地层大气逐渐达到辐射平衡。湍流运动受逆温层抑制,雾前湍流动能和摩擦速度均经历了由强变弱的过程,雾中略有增加。在大雾维持阶段,大气稳定度在近地面和水汽浓度高值区顶部均存在间歇性不稳定状态。(3)对2016年12月17-19日环渤海大雾的数值模拟分析证明,环渤海大雾的产生与前期低空急流引导的远距离暖湿气流输送、局地辐射降温及海面状况存在密切关系。雾前湿度平流导致跨越4.5个经度、高3000 m以上的湿柱形成,相对湿度首先在边界层较高层增加,后逐渐影响到近地面,约1200 m的稳定逆温层的存在,有利于水汽在近地面层积累。同时,夜间局地辐射降温形成的贴地逆温与平流引起的深厚逆温层合并,逐渐形成双层逆温结构,雾生后逆温强度达到1.3℃/100m,有利于大雾的维持,雾层内则以不稳定层结为主,湍流运动促进了大雾的垂直发展。(4)水汽是大雾形成最为基础的物质条件,长生命周期的低空急流及其引导的暖湿平流输送,对环渤海大雾的形成和维持至关重要,这一点在雾中边界层水汽来源追踪中得到证实。基于模式输出结果,利用Hybrid Single Particle Lagrangian Integrated Trajectory(HYSPLIT)模式,可将环渤海区域边界层中低层水汽向南追溯到低空急流最初形成的区域,且模拟得到的水汽通量与气块回溯结果一致。同时由于水汽通量高值区位于渤海西海岸及以南区域,因此这一区域液态水含量(Liquid Water Content,LWC)较高,而辽东湾及渤海以北地区偏南气流更为深厚,因此在这个区域雾顶更高。(5)改变南部水汽含量、环渤海周边地形和模式不同起始时刻的敏感性试验进一步证实了水汽输送对环渤海雾至关重要。环渤海雾的面积和高度受南部水汽输送影响明显,移除36°N以南初始场和侧边界各层水汽后进行积分运算,黄渤海及近岸雾的面积显著减小;移除山东丘陵地形后,由于缺少了山地阻挡,低空急流引导的水汽输送受环渤海地形影响明显,移除山东地形的敏感性试验表明,由于去除了地形扰流的影响,水汽平流发生的相应改变最终导致山东近地层雾区面积增加,渤海中南部及渤海西海岸雾区面积减小,辽东湾及东北地区高层雾区面积增加;而移除长白山地形后,低空急流的位置向东偏移,东北雾带也随之东移;此外,由于不同起始时刻的初始场中所包含的水汽输送信息差异较大,导致远距离输送来的水汽在局地的积累存在差异,进而影响环渤海大雾模拟结果。起报时间距离大雾生成的时间越远,包含低空急流平流输送的信息越多,模拟雾区与卫星观测实况越接近。(6)除了远距离水汽输送,渤海热动力作用对环渤海大雾的形成也存在局地影响。调整海表面温度(SST)的一系列敏感性试验表明,减小SST会导致近地面温度下降,逆温强度增加,大气边界层更趋于稳定,在这种情况下雾区范围增加,液态水含量增加。而升高SST,虽然海气通量交换增加导致近地面比湿增加,但温度也同时增加,逆温层抬升,大气边界层趋于不稳定,因此渤海海雾面积减小,但沿岸液态水含量增加。改变渤海海面为城市下垫面后,大气边界层中低层的温湿特性也发生了改变,最终导致渤海及周边地区近地层的液态水含量增加,渤海海雾的雾顶高度减小。基于这些分析引入海气耦合模式后,大雾常规气象要素的模拟准确率得到了提高。
Abstract
huan bo hai ou yu yi huo shi huan bo hai jing ji juan ,zai wo guo de yan hai fa zhan zhan lve zhong zhan you fei chang chong yao de de wei ,te bie shi guo jia di chu “jing jin ji yi ti hua ”xie tong fa zhan he “yi dai yi lu ”zhi hou ,ji ou wei you shi geng jia ming xian 。huan bo hai ou yu jing ji fa da 、jiao tong bian li ,yong you wo guo bei fang zui da de zeng ge xing gang kou qun ,liu de 、hai xiang he kong zhong jiao tong yun shu wang mi ji ,dan pin fa de da wu tian qi chang chang hui dui gai ou yu de ge xiang jing ji huo dong zao cheng yan chong ying xiang 。ran er ,hai an dai wu de yu bao shi yi zhi cun zai de nan ti ,te bie shi huan bo hai ou yu ,yin ji te ding de li huan jing he qi hou yin su ,gai ou yu da wu de xing cheng ji zhi you bie yu guo nei wai ji ta yan hai ou yu ,gei gai de ou wu de yu bao gong zuo di chu le hen da de kun nan he tiao zhan 。wei zeng jia dui huan bo hai ou yu da wu xing cheng ji li de ren shi ,jin yi bu di gao yu bao zhun que lv ,you bi yao dui gai ou yu da wu de yan bian guo cheng 、bian jie ceng te zheng he ying xiang da wu xing cheng de wu li yin su jin hang shen ru yan jiu 。yin ci ,ben wen zhen dui dian xing dong ji ping liu wu guo cheng ,shou xian li yong wei bo fu she ji 、feng kuo xian lei da 、si fen liang fu she yi he chao sheng feng su yi deng duo chong lei xing guan ce zi liao he duo ge liu de yu hai xiang chang gui qi xiang zhan 、hai shang fu biao zhan 、tan kong zhan shi ce zi liao yi ji wei xing yun tu he NCEP FNLzai fen xi shu ju ,dui 2006-2016nian 4ci da wu guo cheng (yi 2016nian 12yue 17-19ri wei zhu )de huan liu xing shi 、bian jie ceng yan bian te zheng he xing cheng ji zhi kai zhan le guan ce yan jiu ,ren shi dao wu qian ji de xi na di kong ji liu dui dong ji da wu xing cheng he chang shi jian wei chi de guan jian ying xiang 。ji ci ,zai guan ce yan jiu de ji chu shang ,li yong zhong che du tian qi mo shi Weather Research and Forecasting Model(WRF)dui da wu xing cheng ji zhi jin yi bu kai zhan mo ni yan jiu ,bing jin yi bu zhen dui di kong ji liu ji ji yin dao de ping liu shui qi shu song he bo hai hai xiang dui huan bo hai ou yu da wu de ying xiang ,kai zhan le shu zhi mo ni min gan xing shi yan 。de dao de zhu yao jie lun ru xia :(1)dui 2006nian 2yue 12-14ri 、2013nian 1yue 27-31ri 、2016nian 12yue 17-19ri 、2016nian 12yue 29ri -2017nian 1yue 1ri 4ci chi xu xing huan bo hai da wu ge li jin hang fen xi ,fa xian zhe ji ci da wu guo cheng dou cun zai xiang shi huan liu te zheng ,ji dui liu ceng gao ceng wei ping zhi xi feng qi liu ,dui liu ceng di ceng jun jing li le you da liu gao ya qian ce pian bei qi liu kong zhi ,dao gao ya ru hai hou de hou bu xi na qi liu kong zhi de zhuai bian ,yin ci da wu xing cheng qian ji ,pian na nuan shi qi liu shu song ming xian 。yi 2016nian 12yue 17-19ri de da wu guo cheng wei li ,wu qian ji ,ru hai gao ya yu huang hai na bu shang kong wen ding shao dong ,sui zhao da liu di ya bu duan dong yi ,shui ping qi ya ti du zeng da dao zhi gao di ya zhi jian chan sheng le chao guo 16 m/sde jiang di kong ji liu 。yu ji xiang ban de nuan shi qi liu shu song wei huan bo hai ou yu di gong le yao 1200 mhou de wen ding ni wen ceng he chi xu de shui qi shu song ,jin de mian bi shi de zeng su yu di kong ji liu de jiang du cheng zheng bi ,fei chang you li yu hou ji da wu tian qi de xing cheng 。dang xi bei ruo leng kong qi dong yi na xia qin ru huan bo hai ou yu ,yu gai de ou qian ji nuan shi qi tuan hun ge xing cheng le ci ci feng mian wu guo cheng 。da wu shou xian zai shui qi tong liang fu ge ou yu de liao dong wan xi an xing cheng ,zai leng kong qi bu duan qin ru de guo cheng zhong bu duan xiang na an kuo zhan ,zui zhong xing cheng ping hang bo hai xi an de yi tiao dong bei -xi na zou xiang de wu dai 。(2)da wu xing cheng qian ,huan bo hai ou yu da qi bian jie ceng shui qi zeng jia ,shi de xiang xia de duan bo fu she tong liang zhu jian jian xiao ,xiang xia de chang bo fu she tong liang zhu jian zeng jia 。da wu xing cheng hou ,xiang xia chang bo fu she tong liang de zeng jia zui wei ming xian ,ju jin de ceng da qi zhu jian da dao fu she ping heng 。tuan liu yun dong shou ni wen ceng yi zhi ,wu qian tuan liu dong neng he ma ca su du jun jing li le you jiang bian ruo de guo cheng ,wu zhong lve you zeng jia 。zai da wu wei chi jie duan ,da qi wen ding du zai jin de mian he shui qi nong du gao zhi ou ding bu jun cun zai jian xie xing bu wen ding zhuang tai 。(3)dui 2016nian 12yue 17-19ri huan bo hai da wu de shu zhi mo ni fen xi zheng ming ,huan bo hai da wu de chan sheng yu qian ji di kong ji liu yin dao de yuan ju li nuan shi qi liu shu song 、ju de fu she jiang wen ji hai mian zhuang kuang cun zai mi qie guan ji 。wu qian shi du ping liu dao zhi kua yue 4.5ge jing du 、gao 3000 myi shang de shi zhu xing cheng ,xiang dui shi du shou xian zai bian jie ceng jiao gao ceng zeng jia ,hou zhu jian ying xiang dao jin de mian ,yao 1200 mde wen ding ni wen ceng de cun zai ,you li yu shui qi zai jin de mian ceng ji lei 。tong shi ,ye jian ju de fu she jiang wen xing cheng de tie de ni wen yu ping liu yin qi de shen hou ni wen ceng ge bing ,zhu jian xing cheng shuang ceng ni wen jie gou ,wu sheng hou ni wen jiang du da dao 1.3℃/100m,you li yu da wu de wei chi ,wu ceng nei ze yi bu wen ding ceng jie wei zhu ,tuan liu yun dong cu jin le da wu de chui zhi fa zhan 。(4)shui qi shi da wu xing cheng zui wei ji chu de wu zhi tiao jian ,chang sheng ming zhou ji de di kong ji liu ji ji yin dao de nuan shi ping liu shu song ,dui huan bo hai da wu de xing cheng he wei chi zhi guan chong yao ,zhe yi dian zai wu zhong bian jie ceng shui qi lai yuan zhui zong zhong de dao zheng shi 。ji yu mo shi shu chu jie guo ,li yong Hybrid Single Particle Lagrangian Integrated Trajectory(HYSPLIT)mo shi ,ke jiang huan bo hai ou yu bian jie ceng zhong di ceng shui qi xiang na zhui su dao di kong ji liu zui chu xing cheng de ou yu ,ju mo ni de dao de shui qi tong liang yu qi kuai hui su jie guo yi zhi 。tong shi you yu shui qi tong liang gao zhi ou wei yu bo hai xi hai an ji yi na ou yu ,yin ci zhe yi ou yu ye tai shui han liang (Liquid Water Content,LWC)jiao gao ,er liao dong wan ji bo hai yi bei de ou pian na qi liu geng wei shen hou ,yin ci zai zhe ge ou yu wu ding geng gao 。(5)gai bian na bu shui qi han liang 、huan bo hai zhou bian de xing he mo shi bu tong qi shi shi ke de min gan xing shi yan jin yi bu zheng shi le shui qi shu song dui huan bo hai wu zhi guan chong yao 。huan bo hai wu de mian ji he gao du shou na bu shui qi shu song ying xiang ming xian ,yi chu 36°Nyi na chu shi chang he ce bian jie ge ceng shui qi hou jin hang ji fen yun suan ,huang bo hai ji jin an wu de mian ji xian zhe jian xiao ;yi chu shan dong qiu ling de xing hou ,you yu que shao le shan de zu dang ,di kong ji liu yin dao de shui qi shu song shou huan bo hai de xing ying xiang ming xian ,yi chu shan dong de xing de min gan xing shi yan biao ming ,you yu qu chu le de xing rao liu de ying xiang ,shui qi ping liu fa sheng de xiang ying gai bian zui zhong dao zhi shan dong jin de ceng wu ou mian ji zeng jia ,bo hai zhong na bu ji bo hai xi hai an wu ou mian ji jian xiao ,liao dong wan ji dong bei de ou gao ceng wu ou mian ji zeng jia ;er yi chu chang bai shan de xing hou ,di kong ji liu de wei zhi xiang dong pian yi ,dong bei wu dai ye sui zhi dong yi ;ci wai ,you yu bu tong qi shi shi ke de chu shi chang zhong suo bao han de shui qi shu song xin xi cha yi jiao da ,dao zhi yuan ju li shu song lai de shui qi zai ju de de ji lei cun zai cha yi ,jin er ying xiang huan bo hai da wu mo ni jie guo 。qi bao shi jian ju li da wu sheng cheng de shi jian yue yuan ,bao han di kong ji liu ping liu shu song de xin xi yue duo ,mo ni wu ou yu wei xing guan ce shi kuang yue jie jin 。(6)chu le yuan ju li shui qi shu song ,bo hai re dong li zuo yong dui huan bo hai da wu de xing cheng ye cun zai ju de ying xiang 。diao zheng hai biao mian wen du (SST)de yi ji lie min gan xing shi yan biao ming ,jian xiao SSThui dao zhi jin de mian wen du xia jiang ,ni wen jiang du zeng jia ,da qi bian jie ceng geng qu yu wen ding ,zai zhe chong qing kuang xia wu ou fan wei zeng jia ,ye tai shui han liang zeng jia 。er sheng gao SST,sui ran hai qi tong liang jiao huan zeng jia dao zhi jin de mian bi shi zeng jia ,dan wen du ye tong shi zeng jia ,ni wen ceng tai sheng ,da qi bian jie ceng qu yu bu wen ding ,yin ci bo hai hai wu mian ji jian xiao ,dan yan an ye tai shui han liang zeng jia 。gai bian bo hai hai mian wei cheng shi xia dian mian hou ,da qi bian jie ceng zhong di ceng de wen shi te xing ye fa sheng le gai bian ,zui zhong dao zhi bo hai ji zhou bian de ou jin de ceng de ye tai shui han liang zeng jia ,bo hai hai wu de wu ding gao du jian xiao 。ji yu zhe xie fen xi yin ru hai qi ou ge mo shi hou ,da wu chang gui qi xiang yao su de mo ni zhun que lv de dao le di gao 。
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论文作者分别是来自兰州大学的田梦，发表于刊物兰州大学2019-07-29论文，是一篇关于环渤海大雾论文,观测分析论文,数值模拟论文,敏感性试验论文,机制研究论文,兰州大学2019-07-29论文的文章。本文可供学术参考使用，各位学者可以免费参考阅读下载，文章观点不代表本站观点，资料来自兰州大学2019-07-29论文网站，若本站收录的文献无意侵犯了您的著作版权，请联系我们删除。
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