目的论与口译中的文化差异

论文摘要

口译作为国际交流与合作的重要途径,在当今世界起着越来越重要的作用。口译是一种特殊的口头交际手段,其任务是在不同语言、不同文化的交谈者之间发挥桥梁和纽带的作用,使交谈双方感觉不到语言障碍而自由地进行交流。口译研究方兴未艾,跨学科研究的趋势越来越突出。文化与语言的关系密不可分。语言是文化的一部分。文化反映在语言中并极大地影响着语言。文化差异给口译造成极大的困难。在口译中,经常出现的含有文化因素的信息,如谚语、诗词、典故等,在实践中往往是译员感到颇为棘手的问题。因此本论文选择口译中的文化差异问题作为研究课题。本文试图从目的论的角度探讨口译中的文化差异问题。首先介绍目的论的理论基础,简述它的发展、基本概念及其意义和评论。然后将口译置于目的论的框架中加以分析。进而全面论述口译、文化及其相互关系。接着,探讨口译中文化差异引起的困难。文章在分析和探讨的基础上用大量翔实的实例证明目的论可以用来指导口译中文化因素的处理。最后,作者提出口译中常用的关于文化因素的翻译策略,包括借用目的语中的习语,直译和意译等。本文论证了口译是一种具有目的性、人际性的跨文化交际活动。目的论可应用于口译。口译策略主要是由口译的目的决定的。本文总结了口译中文化因素的翻译策略,并强调口译议员应灵活运用口译策略。通过研究,本文发现:1.文化因素在口译中引起多种问题,其中的每一个问题都可能成为一个研究课题。2.目的论对口译中文化信息的处理有很强的指导意义。3.由于汉英语言文化上的差异,译者在很多情况下必须灵活的运用各种翻译策略,对原文进行调整,以利于有效实现译文的预期目的。4.本文总结出的口译中文化因素翻译的策略对于口译译员的口译实践有一定的指导作用。

论文目录

• Acknowledgements
• Abstract
• 摘要
• 1. Introduction
• 1.1 Research background
• 1.1 Overview of relevance of Skopos theory to interpretation
• 1.2 Data and methodology
• 1.3 Possible contribution of the thesis
• 1.4 The arrangement and main content of the thesis
• 2. Skopos theory
• 2.1 Introduction to Skopos theory
• 2.2 Development of Skopos theory
• 2.3 Basic concepts of Skopos theory
• 2.3.1 Aim, purpose, intention, and function
• 2.3.2 Intentional interaction and related concepts
• 2.3.3 Initiator and translation brief
• 2.3.4 Adequacy and equivalence
• 2.3.5 Three key rules of Skopos theory
• 2.4 The significance of Skopos theory
• 2.5 Criticism of Skopos theory
• 2.5.1 Criticism at the level of its theoretical foundations
• 2.5.2 Criticism at the level of its applicability
• 3. General survey of interpretation studies
• 3.1 The definition of interpretation
• 3.2 New perspectives of observing interpretation
• 3.2.1 Interpretation as intentional interaction
• 3.2.2 Interpretation as interpersonal interaction
• 3.2.3 Interpretation as an intercultural communication
• 3.2.4 Interpretation as a dynamic mental process
• 3.3 The development of interpretation studies
• 3.4 The classification, characteristics and criteria of Interpretation
• 3.4.1 The classification of interpretation
• 3.4.2 The characteristics of interpretation
• 3.4.3 The criteria of interpretation
• 4. Culture and interpretation
• 4.1 The definition of culture
• 4.2 Culture and language
• 4.3 Difficulties caused by cultural differences in interpretation
• 4.3.1 Cultural-loaded expressions in language
• 4.3.2 Structural and grammatical differences in language
• 4.3.3 Customary cultural differences
• 5. Application of Skopos theory to interpretation
• 5.1 Case study---press conference interpretation
• 5.1.1 The translation brief of press conference interpretation
• 5.1.2 Guidance of Skopos rule
• 5.1.3 Guidance of coherence rule
• 5.1.4 Guidance of fidelity rule
• 5.2 Case study---tourism guide interpretation
• 5.2.1 The translation brief of tourism guide interpretation
• 5.2.2 Guidance of Skopos rule
• 5.2.3 Guidance of coherence rule
• 5.2.4 Guidance of fidelity rule
• 6. Dealing with cultural differences in interpretation by means of different strategies
• 6.1 Dealing with cultural differences in interpretation by flexibly using domestication and foreignization
• 6.2 Dealing with cultural differences by flexibly using borrowing, literal translation, free translation, etc.
• 6.2.1 Transliteration with explanation
• 6.2.2 Borrowing
• 6.2.3 Literal translation
• 6.2.4 Free translation
• 6.2.5 Literal translation combined with paraphrasing
• 6.3 Using interpreting skills in a flexible and comprehensive way
• 7. Conclusion
• Notes
• Bibliography