英语主位结构的语法化

英语主位结构的语法化

论文摘要

本论文从语法化的视角探讨了英语中的主位结构。论文描述了古英语、中古英语和现代英语时期的主位结构的特点并分析了主位标记性的历史性迁移。论文从语法化的视角考察了几种重要主位转换手段的形成过程。研究得出结论:英语中的主位标记性经历了语法化的过程,在这一过程中主语被语法化为唯一的无标记主位成分;英语中一些语法结构的形成的动因是主位表达的需要。语言学研究中共时方法和历时方法长久以来被严格区分。不过,语言学中最近的动向要求这两个研究方法拥有同等的地位。在这个背景下,本论文将共时与历时两种研究方法进行了结合。论文首先对英语主位结构进行共时的描述,在共时描述的基础上进行历时的分析。本论文中采用的理论和方法主要涉及两个领域:主位结构理论和语法化理论。在论文的第二章,我们对这些理论和方法进行了简要的回顾。“主位”这个概念不同于“主语”、“话题”和“已知信息”,这是因为主位的定义完全基于它在句中的位置:主位是句子的第一个成分。主位结构和语法结构相互关联,因为主位化必须依赖于语法的手段。主位化不仅依赖于一门语言所能提供的语法手段,也受制于这些语法手段。为主位化的目的而使用的语法手段可以被称作“主位转换结构”或“主位化手段”。论文简单讨论了六种主位转换结构:(1)话题化,(2)被动结构,(3) tough移动,(4)主语提升和宾语提升,(5)外置,(6)分裂句和拟似分裂句。语法化的概念已经从它传统的定义扩展为更宽泛的定义。语法化传统的定义指实词失去词汇意义成为具有语法功能的词或词缀的过程。广义的语法化的定义指一个形式或结构变得固定或必要的过程。本论文中所说的语法化用的是它广义的定义。本论文对两个粗略划分的英语发展历时阶段(早期英语和现代英语)的主位结构进行了共时的描述。在早期英语中,相对自由的语序使得几乎每一个句子成分都有可能自然地出现在句首的位置,但是不同的句子成分还是具有不同的在位置上的倾向。主语尽管有时也会出现在句中或句末位置,但是它强烈地倾向于出现在句首,尤其是

论文目录

  • Acknowledgements
  • Abstract
  • 摘要
  • Chapter 1 Introduction
  • 1.1 Research Origin
  • 1.2 Research Questions
  • 1.3 Purposes of the Research
  • 1.4 Dissertation Arrangement
  • 1.5 Notes on the Data
  • Chapter 2Theories and Methods
  • 2.1 Theories on Thematic Structure
  • 2.1.1 Defining “Theme”
  • 2.1.2 Defining “Thematic Markedness”
  • 2.1.3 Interaction between Thematic Structure and Grammatical Structure
  • 2.2 Grammaticalization Theories
  • 2.2.1 Defining “Grammaticalization”
  • 2.2.2 Survey of Development of Grammaticalization Theories
  • 2.2.3 Motivations for Grammaticalization
  • 2.3 Summary
  • Chapter 3A Synchronic Account of Thematic Structure in Early English
  • 3.1 Thematic Markedness in Early English
  • 3.1.1 A Brief Description of Word Order Pattern in Early English
  • 3.1.2 An Outline of the Thematic Constituents in Early English Clauses
  • 3.1.3 Themes in Negative Clauses
  • 3.1.4 Themes in Questions
  • 3.1.5 Preposition Stranding
  • 3.1.6 Hierarchy of Thematic Markedness in Early English
  • 3.2 Thematic Transformations in Early English
  • 3.2.1 Topicalization
  • 3.2.2 Passivization
  • 3.2.3 Extraposition and It- / There- Insertion
  • 3.3 Summary
  • Chapter 4 A Synchronic Account of Thematic Structure in Modern English
  • 4.1 Thematic Markedness in Modern English
  • 4.1.1 An Outline of Thematic Constituents in Modern English
  • 4.1.2 Hierarchy of Thematic Markedness in Modern English
  • 4.2 Thematic Transformations in Modern English
  • 4.2.1 Passivization
  • 4.2.2 Extraposition and Tough Movement
  • 4.2.3 Cleft Sentences and Pseudo-cleft Sentences
  • 4.3 Summary
  • Chapter 5 Grammaticalization of Thematic Structure –A Diachronic Perspective
  • 5.1 Grammaticalization of Thematic Markedness
  • 5.1.1 Diachronic Shift of Thematic Markedness
  • 5.1.2 Grammaticalization of Thematic Markedness and Word Order Change
  • 5.2 Grammaticalization of Thematic Transformations
  • 5.2.1 Passivization
  • 5.2.2 Cleft and Pseudo-cleft Sentences
  • 5.2.3 Tough Movement and Extraposition
  • 5.3 Motivations for Grammaticalization of Thematic Transformations
  • 5.3.1 Motivations for Grammaticalization of Passive Voice
  • 5.3.2 Motivations for Grammaticalization of Tough Movement and Extraposition
  • 5.4 Summary
  • Chapter 6 Conclusion
  • 6.1 A Summary of the Dissertation
  • 6.2 Innovations and Limitations of the Research
  • 6.3 The Prospect of Future Research
  • Bibliography
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    英语主位结构的语法化
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