气候适应性的建筑表皮：夏热冬冷地区多层表皮建筑立面系统研究

论文摘要

本论文回顾了建筑立面条件和与建筑外墙相关的各种要素,并进一步的调查了夏热冬冷地区的立面条件,以及致使此种气候区域的建筑立面设计成为一个复杂课题的非典型性的气候特征,并引进与分析了应对该气候特征的立面设计概念。研究途径包括两套,一是综合的分析研究,二是从建筑师和施工者的角度探寻应用性强、说明性好的的定量的信息知识的设计导向概念。一方面本文专注于围绕着现代创新趋势的边界法则的立面设计,另一方面通过适用于夏热冬冷地区的能效立面设计,包括多层表皮系统在该地区的实验。夏热冬冷地区间的气候特征差异很大且较易出现极值现象,尤其是在夏季与冬季,此时适应于一般炎热或者寒冷地区的气候应对策略在此种气候地区内都不会同时对两种极端气候条件生效。已有的研究已表明室内空间的简单条件基本取决于建筑外墙的外露面积。基于上述结论,本文研究了这些极端气候条件下的室内、外情况并介绍了双层表皮气候适应性外墙理论,可以通过优化墙体绝热性能以改善夏热冬冷地区的室内空间条件。在实验部分,研究利用外墙温度改进模型与仪器测算了传统双层玻璃幕墙外墙的室内、外的温度条件,研究结果与炎热及严寒时期热辐射极值的预期条件一致。武汉市作为夏热冬冷地区典型代表而被选作本试验的试验地点,武汉被作为夏热冬冷地区双层气候适应性外墙的模型。模型的外墙表面热量测算及其结果与传统武汉的居住建筑及传统的双层玻璃幕墙相比较。测试与计算选取的时间是在热舒适度的极值被超过的极热的时期（8月）和热舒适度的低限尚未达到的极冷时期（1月）。实验应用立面的内表面和外表面温度值、空气温度值、空气湿度值作为评估立面性能的参数。进一步的计算与模拟使用PHOENICS-VR环境,为了在模拟环境下验算试验结果。结果表明双层适应性建筑立面（外墙）设计,其功能似一个屏障,有效地在夏季阻隔热辐射进入室内并在冬季保存室内热量的散失。最后,设计建议以类型学和优化技术为形式,将双层适应性建筑立面应用在夏热冬冷地区的住宅设计之中。

论文目录

• Acknowledgements
• Table of contents
• List of Table captions
• List of Figure captions
• Glossary
• 摘要
• Abstract
• 1 Introduction
• 1.1 Study Background
• 1.2 Significance and Objective of present study
• 1.3 Scope of present study
• 1.3.1 Study scope
• 1.3.2 Limitations
• 1.4 Structure of thesis
• 1.4.1 Conceptual framework
• 1.4.2 Theoretical framework
• 1.4.4 Outline of Thesis Chapters
• 1.5 Research Hypothesis
• 2 Literature Review
• 2.1 Brief Historical overview of multi-facade design
• 2.2 Evolution of Intelligent building skin systems
• 2.3 Climate structure of Cold-Winter/Hot-Summer Regions
• 2.3.1 China's HSCW climate zone outline
• 2.3.2 Winter climate characteristics
• 2.3.3 Summer climate characteristics
• 2.4 Heat transfer coefficient and index of thermal inertia of building envelopes in HSCW zone
• 2.5 Energy budget of buildings in HSCW region
• 2.6 Thermal comfort
• 2.6.1 Solar radiation
• 2.6.2 Thermal comfort index
• 2.6.3 Human energy balance
• 2.6.4 The thermal values in HSCW regions,its effects on building facades and indoor comfort
• 2.7 Configuration of building skins and intelligent facade designs
• 2.7.1 Bio-tectonic principles in facade design for extreme climates
• 2.7.2 Changeable skin concept in facade design
• 2.8 Principles of Surfaces in Building envelope design
• 2.8.1 Classification of surface design principles
• 2.8.2 Types of surfaces
• 2.9 Context of double skin facade structures
• 2.9.1 Review of the evolution trend of double skin facades
• 2.9.2 Major functions of multi-skin facades
• 2.9.3 Optimization theory of double skin facades
• 2.10 Thermal theories and studies
• 2.10.1 Direct radiation
• 2.10.2 Conduction and Convection
• 2.10.3 Air infiltration
• 2.11 Principles governing wind,thermal currents and natural ventilation
• 2.12 Air flow and velocity due to natural draft
• 2.13 Summary of chapter 2
• 3 Research Methodology
• 3.1 Data collection
• 3.2 Input system
• 3.3 Output system
• 3.4 Problem identification
• 3.5 Evolution of Strategies for enhancing performance
• 4 Study on Traditional facade structure of typical HSCW and other significant conventional facade systems
• 4.1 Characteristics of the typical facade structure in the case of Wuhan city
• 4.1.1 Solid facades
• 4.1.2 Glazed facades
• 4.1.3 Box window facades
• 4.1.4 Strip windows
• 4.1.5 Balcony facades
• 4.2 Relevance of study to the present research
• 4.3 Classification in the thermal environment design of buildings
• 4.4 Previous work;Case study on energy efficiency research in HSCW zones
• 4.5 Analysis of the typical HSCW residential building facde system,using Wnhan as a case
• 4.5.1 Summer analysis
• 4.5.2 Winter analysis
• 4.6 Impressions from traditional living environments
• 4.7 Summary of chapter 4
• 5 Study on Conventional Double Skin Facade system
• 5.1 Concepts and characteristics of Conventional DSF
• 5.1.1 Ventilated double window
• 5.1.2 Facade partitioned per storey with adjacent modules
• 5.1.3 Corridor-type ventilated DSF
• 5.1.4 The Shaft-box ventilated double facade
• 5.1.5 Multi-storey ventilated double skin facade
• 5.1.6 Multi-storey louver,naturally ventilated double facade
• 5.2 Relevance of study
• 5.3 Study on Glazed Double skin facade & performance investigation
• 5.3.1 Underlying principles in Glazed double skin system
• 5.3.2 Classification of design principles
• 5.4 Case study on previous research on glazed double skin facades
• 5.4.1 University of Michigan Medical School's BiomedicalScience Research Building
• 5.4.2 HSCW building box experiment
• 5.5 Structural and material Analysis
• 5.5.1 Material analysis
• 5.5.2 Selection of Glass
• 5.5.3 Structural analysis
• 5.6 Optimization design and performance enhancement
• 5.6.1 Building physics
• 5.6.2 Energy conservation and thermal comfort
• 5.7 Glazed double skin facade experiment in HSCW environment
• 5.7.1 Experiment setup scheme
• 5.7.2 Summer analysis
• 5.7.3 Winter analysis
• 5.7.4 Simulation analysis using PHOENICS-VR tool
• 5.8 Summary and Results/findings of chapter 5
• 6 The Climate-active facade design and experiment
• 6.1 Review of the factors that influence efficiency of a facade system
• 6.2 Concept of the double-skin climate-adaptive facade
• 6.2.1 Configuration of the facade
• 6.2.2 Material composition
• 6.2.3 Structure of the Sandwich-Polyurethane insulation board
• 6.3 Aim of the Climate active facade experiment
• 6.4 Experiment setup scheme
• 6.5 Accessories and parameters for the experiment
• 6.5.1 Accessories
• 6.5.2 Assessment Parameters
• 6.6 Thermal Experimental measurements
• 6.6.1 Summer measurements
• 6.6.2 Winter measurements
• 6.7 Summary of results
• 6.8 Simulation of results using PHOENICS-VR
• 6.8.1 Aim of the simulation tests
• 6.8.2 Ventilated cavity simulation
• 6.9 Comparative analysis
• 6.9.1 Comparing the results of the experiment model to typical Wuhan HSCW buildings
• 6.9.2 Comparing results with glazed double-skin facade
• 6.10 Economic evaluation of the double-skin climate-adaptive facade
• 6.10.1 Procedure for economic analysis
• 6.10.2 Concept of covering the costs of alternatives in entirety
• 6.10.3 Cost determinants for Climate active double skin facades for HSCW regions
• 6.10.4 Features of an economical climate active facade
• 7 Architectural context
• 7.1 Design factors
• 7.1.1 Use of seasonal solar path information
• 7.1.2 Effective orientation of indoor spaces
• 7.2 Classification and definition of typology
• 7.2.1 Typology based on type of ventilation
• 7.2.2 Typology based on partitioning of the facade
• 7.2.3 Typology based on ventilation mode of the cavity
• 7.3 Fenestration design
• 7.3.1 Combining the CAF and glazed DSF principles in Residential building design
• 7.4 Optimization for ventilation and insulation system
• 7.4.1 Air flow
• 7.4.2 Air tightness
• 7.5 Concluding remarks
• Bibliography
• Books
• Journals
• Conference proceedings
• Ph.D.Dissertation
• Web sites
• Curriculum Vitae（CV） and Academic Publications
• Appendix
• Symbols
• Vocabulary and Definitions
• Research work Table