论文摘要
作为一种重要的情感因素,语言焦虑是针对语言学习所产生的一种独特的焦虑。在语言学习的过程中,语言焦虑引起认知干扰,从而削弱语言学习。由于定义和测量工具得到改善,越来越多的实验一致证明语言焦虑和语言成绩呈负相关的关系。其中,语言成绩不仅包括综合成绩,也包括个别的语言任务及语言技能(听说读写)。而相关研究已有趋势向特殊语言技能焦虑方向发展。关于外语听力焦虑、写作焦虑和阅读焦虑的研究开始于20世纪末。除了检验本身概念的有效性,这些研究还检测了这些特殊语言技能焦虑和语言成就的关系。然而,外语阅读焦虑的相关研究以及结果并不全面。关于外语焦虑(综合焦虑)和阅读焦虑的关系,相关研究并未取得一致的结果。而且大部分受试者都处于中等外语水平。对于阅读焦虑起因的研究也相当匮乏。为弥补这些不足,该研究扩展了石运章、刘振前(2006)的实验,对中国英语专业学习者的阅读焦虑状况及起因进行调查。以某大学136个三年级英语专业的学生为受试,本研究采用了问卷调查、阅读测试,以及个人访谈的方式考查这些高水平语言学习者的英文阅读现状及感受。外语焦虑量表(FLCAS)和外语阅读焦虑量表(FLRAS)被用来测量外语焦虑及阅读焦虑水平。英语专四成绩(TEM4)和阅读测试的成绩则代表他们的综合语言成就以及阅读成绩。作者对上述所得数据做了相关分析及单因素方差分析,并从问卷和访谈中探索学习者眼中的阅读焦虑的产生原因。对所收集的材料进行分析,作者得出以下结果:首先,外语焦虑同外语阅读焦虑是相互联系又相互区别的两个概念。且比起外语焦虑,受试者受到外语阅读焦虑更多的干扰。其次,阅读焦虑和语言成绩(综合和阅读成绩)成负相关。外语焦虑也是如此。但是几组联系对比之后,阅读焦虑似乎能更准确、更有针对性地预测阅读成绩,而外语焦虑则能对综合语言成绩进行更好的预测。再者,从受试者的角度出发,作者发现大致有五类焦虑的起因:考试,缺乏词汇、语法之类的语言知识,文章或世界背景知识的匮乏,学习者本身的负面因素(比如他们对自己能力持否定态度,状态不佳,或是他们缺乏有利的阅读策略或习惯),以及阅读环境。该研究有教学上的意义,因为它帮助教育者更好地理解中国学生阅读英文时的感受,并为教师提出了一些减少阅读焦虑的建议,如承认阅读焦虑是一种普遍的正常情况,或教会学生使用好的阅读技巧或策略,或营造一个舒适的阅读环境。当然,阅读焦虑的相关研究也需要以更大数量、更多来源的学习者为受试,并从更多角度来研究阅读焦虑与语言成绩之间的关系,以及它的起因和相应措施。
论文目录
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