本文主要研究内容
作者牟立同（2019）在《土壤钻孔和果木屑腐熟物对苹果树生长及根区环境的影响》一文中研究指出：针对一些位于山地丘陵上的苹果园,受地形条件和地质状况的影响,果园施肥方式机械化程度低,严重限制了果农在果园生产中对有机肥的使用,因此探索简易式的利用机械施肥的方式对果园生产具有重要意义。本研究选择5年生富士苹果树,通过利用小型钻孔机在果树树冠边缘进行钻孔,施肥。共设3种钻孔方式:不同孔径处理:直径10cm孔穴(Φ10)、直径15cm孔穴(Φ15)和直径20cm孔穴(Φ20);不同数量:直径10cm孔穴,4孔/株(Φ10-4)、8孔/株(Φ10-8)、12孔/株(Φ10-12);直径15cm孔穴,3孔/株(Φ15-3)、5孔/株(Φ15-5)、7孔/株(Φ15-7),进行田间试验。通过调查对比、分析评价苹果树的新梢生长、枝组组成及比例、花芽数量和产量以及根系生长和根区土壤环境状况,探索适宜的钻孔施肥方式。另外,我国果园种植面积大,每年会产生大量果园废弃物,而果园生产对有机肥需求量高,但有机肥来源少,本研究探索利用果园废弃物与不同农家废弃物共发酵生产果木屑腐熟物来提高有机肥产量,并对其进行了盆栽试验。主要研究结果如下:1.孔穴直径对苹果树根区土壤环境、养分状况以及酶活性具有促进作用,但处理间有所差异。以Φ15(直径15cm孔穴)和Φ20(直径20cm孔穴)处理效果较为显著。除土壤pH相反外,不同直径孔穴对苹果树根区土壤养分含量均随土层深度的增加而降低。Φ15显著提高了土壤中碱解氮和有效钾含量,提高了土壤中有效磷和TOC(总有机碳)含量。2.孔穴直径增加显著促进了穴内根系生长,根系总生长量随孔穴直径增加而增加。Φ15显著改善穴内根系构型,促进了根系总长度、表面积、体积、平均直径、根尖数以及分形维数等指标的增加,并且提高了根系活性。3.孔穴直径增加可显著提高叶绿素相对含量和促进新稍生长。Φ15和Φ20效果相似,明显提高叶绿素相对含量和促进新梢生长。不同直径孔穴处理可以调节枝组类型比例,减少徒长枝数量,促进果树枝条向中长枝转化。Φ15和Φ20能促进枝条生长,提高枝条中长枝和短枝所占比例。不同直径孔穴增加花芽数量,Φ20的花芽总量最高,比CK提高了19.76%;还显著提高了中长枝和短枝顶花芽数量,对腋花芽数量也有显著效果。同时Φ15和Φ20显著提高了果实产量,与CK相比增产达30%以上。4.不同数量的孔穴均能提高根区土壤养分含量,两处理组中均显示,随孔穴数量的增加养分含量也不断提高,深层土壤养分含量要低于表层土壤养分含量,以Φ10-12(直径10cm孔穴12孔/株)和Φ15-7(直径15cm孔穴7孔/株)的养分含量提高效果最显著。不同数量孔穴能促进穴内根系生长,两处理组中以Φ10-12和Φ15-5(直径15cm孔穴5孔/株)的根系总生长量最多。两处理组结果对比分析,孔穴数量较少会促进根系在孔穴中会均匀分布,并且孔穴数量的增加会提高根系活力。5.孔穴处理对叶绿素相对含量和新梢生长有明显促进作用。以Φ10-12和Φ15-7对促进新梢生长和提高叶绿素相对含量最显著。孔穴数量的增加促进了枝条数量的增加,并调节了枝组类型的比例。以Φ10-12和Φ15-7处理枝条数量最多,Φ10-8(直径10cm孔穴8孔/株)和Φ15-5显著增加了长枝的比例。随孔穴数量的增加花芽数量也逐渐增加。不同着生部位的花芽数量增加有所差异,两处理组中Φ10-12和Φ15-5的花芽量最高,并显著提高了中长枝顶芽的花芽量。以Φ10-12和Φ15-7增产效果最显著,分别增产13.48%和31.59%。6.施加果木屑腐熟物可以增加土壤养分,提高土壤酶活性;促进平邑甜茶根系生长,改善根系构型,提高根系活力;有利于平邑甜茶幼苗生长和增加侧枝数量。其中以鸡粪与果木屑共发酵生产的果木屑腐熟物相对较好。
Abstract
zhen dui yi xie wei yu shan de qiu ling shang de ping guo yuan ,shou de xing tiao jian he de zhi zhuang kuang de ying xiang ,guo yuan shi fei fang shi ji xie hua cheng du di ,yan chong xian zhi le guo nong zai guo yuan sheng chan zhong dui you ji fei de shi yong ,yin ci tan suo jian yi shi de li yong ji xie shi fei de fang shi dui guo yuan sheng chan ju you chong yao yi yi 。ben yan jiu shua ze 5nian sheng fu shi ping guo shu ,tong guo li yong xiao xing zuan kong ji zai guo shu shu guan bian yuan jin hang zuan kong ,shi fei 。gong she 3chong zuan kong fang shi :bu tong kong jing chu li :zhi jing 10cmkong xue (Φ10)、zhi jing 15cmkong xue (Φ15)he zhi jing 20cmkong xue (Φ20);bu tong shu liang :zhi jing 10cmkong xue ,4kong /zhu (Φ10-4)、8kong /zhu (Φ10-8)、12kong /zhu (Φ10-12);zhi jing 15cmkong xue ,3kong /zhu (Φ15-3)、5kong /zhu (Φ15-5)、7kong /zhu (Φ15-7),jin hang tian jian shi yan 。tong guo diao cha dui bi 、fen xi ping jia ping guo shu de xin sao sheng chang 、zhi zu zu cheng ji bi li 、hua ya shu liang he chan liang yi ji gen ji sheng chang he gen ou tu rang huan jing zhuang kuang ,tan suo kuo yi de zuan kong shi fei fang shi 。ling wai ,wo guo guo yuan chong zhi mian ji da ,mei nian hui chan sheng da liang guo yuan fei qi wu ,er guo yuan sheng chan dui you ji fei xu qiu liang gao ,dan you ji fei lai yuan shao ,ben yan jiu tan suo li yong guo yuan fei qi wu yu bu tong nong jia fei qi wu gong fa jiao sheng chan guo mu xie fu shou wu lai di gao you ji fei chan liang ,bing dui ji jin hang le pen zai shi yan 。zhu yao yan jiu jie guo ru xia :1.kong xue zhi jing dui ping guo shu gen ou tu rang huan jing 、yang fen zhuang kuang yi ji mei huo xing ju you cu jin zuo yong ,dan chu li jian you suo cha yi 。yi Φ15(zhi jing 15cmkong xue )he Φ20(zhi jing 20cmkong xue )chu li xiao guo jiao wei xian zhe 。chu tu rang pHxiang fan wai ,bu tong zhi jing kong xue dui ping guo shu gen ou tu rang yang fen han liang jun sui tu ceng shen du de zeng jia er jiang di 。Φ15xian zhe di gao le tu rang zhong jian jie dan he you xiao jia han liang ,di gao le tu rang zhong you xiao lin he TOC(zong you ji tan )han liang 。2.kong xue zhi jing zeng jia xian zhe cu jin le xue nei gen ji sheng chang ,gen ji zong sheng chang liang sui kong xue zhi jing zeng jia er zeng jia 。Φ15xian zhe gai shan xue nei gen ji gou xing ,cu jin le gen ji zong chang du 、biao mian ji 、ti ji 、ping jun zhi jing 、gen jian shu yi ji fen xing wei shu deng zhi biao de zeng jia ,bing ju di gao le gen ji huo xing 。3.kong xue zhi jing zeng jia ke xian zhe di gao xie lu su xiang dui han liang he cu jin xin shao sheng chang 。Φ15he Φ20xiao guo xiang shi ,ming xian di gao xie lu su xiang dui han liang he cu jin xin sao sheng chang 。bu tong zhi jing kong xue chu li ke yi diao jie zhi zu lei xing bi li ,jian shao tu chang zhi shu liang ,cu jin guo shu zhi tiao xiang zhong chang zhi zhuai hua 。Φ15he Φ20neng cu jin zhi tiao sheng chang ,di gao zhi tiao zhong chang zhi he duan zhi suo zhan bi li 。bu tong zhi jing kong xue zeng jia hua ya shu liang ,Φ20de hua ya zong liang zui gao ,bi CKdi gao le 19.76%;hai xian zhe di gao le zhong chang zhi he duan zhi ding hua ya shu liang ,dui ye hua ya shu liang ye you xian zhe xiao guo 。tong shi Φ15he Φ20xian zhe di gao le guo shi chan liang ,yu CKxiang bi zeng chan da 30%yi shang 。4.bu tong shu liang de kong xue jun neng di gao gen ou tu rang yang fen han liang ,liang chu li zu zhong jun xian shi ,sui kong xue shu liang de zeng jia yang fen han liang ye bu duan di gao ,shen ceng tu rang yang fen han liang yao di yu biao ceng tu rang yang fen han liang ,yi Φ10-12(zhi jing 10cmkong xue 12kong /zhu )he Φ15-7(zhi jing 15cmkong xue 7kong /zhu )de yang fen han liang di gao xiao guo zui xian zhe 。bu tong shu liang kong xue neng cu jin xue nei gen ji sheng chang ,liang chu li zu zhong yi Φ10-12he Φ15-5(zhi jing 15cmkong xue 5kong /zhu )de gen ji zong sheng chang liang zui duo 。liang chu li zu jie guo dui bi fen xi ,kong xue shu liang jiao shao hui cu jin gen ji zai kong xue zhong hui jun yun fen bu ,bing ju kong xue shu liang de zeng jia hui di gao gen ji huo li 。5.kong xue chu li dui xie lu su xiang dui han liang he xin sao sheng chang you ming xian cu jin zuo yong 。yi Φ10-12he Φ15-7dui cu jin xin sao sheng chang he di gao xie lu su xiang dui han liang zui xian zhe 。kong xue shu liang de zeng jia cu jin le zhi tiao shu liang de zeng jia ,bing diao jie le zhi zu lei xing de bi li 。yi Φ10-12he Φ15-7chu li zhi tiao shu liang zui duo ,Φ10-8(zhi jing 10cmkong xue 8kong /zhu )he Φ15-5xian zhe zeng jia le chang zhi de bi li 。sui kong xue shu liang de zeng jia hua ya shu liang ye zhu jian zeng jia 。bu tong zhao sheng bu wei de hua ya shu liang zeng jia you suo cha yi ,liang chu li zu zhong Φ10-12he Φ15-5de hua ya liang zui gao ,bing xian zhe di gao le zhong chang zhi ding ya de hua ya liang 。yi Φ10-12he Φ15-7zeng chan xiao guo zui xian zhe ,fen bie zeng chan 13.48%he 31.59%。6.shi jia guo mu xie fu shou wu ke yi zeng jia tu rang yang fen ,di gao tu rang mei huo xing ;cu jin ping yi tian cha gen ji sheng chang ,gai shan gen ji gou xing ,di gao gen ji huo li ;you li yu ping yi tian cha you miao sheng chang he zeng jia ce zhi shu liang 。ji zhong yi ji fen yu guo mu xie gong fa jiao sheng chan de guo mu xie fu shou wu xiang dui jiao hao 。
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论文作者分别是来自山东农业大学的牟立同，发表于刊物山东农业大学2019-07-08论文，是一篇关于施肥方式论文,土壤钻孔论文,苹果树论文,废弃枝条论文,平邑甜茶论文,山东农业大学2019-07-08论文的文章。本文可供学术参考使用，各位学者可以免费参考阅读下载，文章观点不代表本站观点，资料来自山东农业大学2019-07-08论文网站，若本站收录的文献无意侵犯了您的著作版权，请联系我们删除。
标签：施肥方式论文; 土壤钻孔论文; 苹果树论文; 废弃枝条论文; 平邑甜茶论文; 山东农业大学2019-07-08论文;