汉语叙实动词预设触发语研究 ——兼谈英语叙实动词预设触发语

论文摘要

预设是句子传递的重要语义信息。动词的预设研究可增进对动词语义或句法特征的认识。纵观国内外相关汉语动词预设触发语的研究,大多是在提及预设触发语时例举几个动词,专注于汉语动词预设触发语的研究成果相对很少,而对动词预设触发语子类的微观研究文献鲜见。本文尝试从语义预设视角分析汉语叙实动词(factive verbs)的语义次范畴和叙实动词不同次范畴的语义内涵、语义特征、语义结构和题元角色,并从叙实动词的预设命题的逻辑真假值、动词的预设投射能力、预设义的语义类型、预设的特征、预设命题与动词语义结构的关系等方面研究其内在语义预设机制和语言机制,兼谈英语叙实动词预设触发语,探索两种预设机制的共性与个性。叙实动词在动词域分布较为广泛,是一类特殊的预设触发语,能够通过自身的语义机制触发事实性预设。汉语叙实动词属于通启算子,允许子句的预设投射上升至母句的预设;所触发的事实性预设命题通常在其语义结构中充当内主目语,逻辑值为真;支持汉语叙实动词触发事实性预设命题的内在语言机制有三类:动词的规约语义机制、动词语义内涵中隐含的逻辑关系推理机制、动词否定形式中背景信息存活机制;英汉两种语言叙实动词预设触发语的语义预设机制和支持预设触发的语言机制存在一致性。本文对汉语叙实动词预设触发语的微观研究一定程度上能丰富预设触发语的研究,并拓宽汉语动词的研究视角。

论文目录

• 摘要
• Abstract
• Introduction
• 0.1 Research Objectives
• 0.2 Significance of the Research
• 0.3 General Organization
• Chapter 1 Literature Review
• 1.1 Previous Studies on Presupposition
• 1.2 Previous Studies on Presupposition Triggers
• 1.3 Previous Studies on Chinese Factive Verbs
• 1.4 The Evaluation of the Previous Studies
• 1.5 Summary
• Chapter 2 The Semantic Analysis of Chinese Factive Verbs as Presupposition Triggers
• 2.1 The Subcategorization of Chinese Factive Verbs
• 2.2 The Semantic Analysis of Subcategories of Chinese Factive Verbs
• 2.2.1 The Cognitive Category
• 2.2.2 The Emotional Category
• 2.2.3 The Speech-act Category
• 2.2.4 The Non-verbal Operative Category
• 2.3 Summary
• Chapter 3 The Presuppositional Mechanism of Chinese Factive Verbs
• 3.1 The Presuppositional Mechanism of Chinese Cognitive Factive Verbs
• 3.1.1 The Truth-value of the Proposition of the Presuppositions
• 3.1.2 The Projectional Ability
• 3.1.3 The Characteristics of the Presuppositions
• 3.1.4 The Semantic Type of the Presuppositions
• 3.1.5 The Relationship between the Semantic Structure of the Verbs and Their Presuppositions
• 3.2 The Presuppositional Mechanism of Chinese Emotional Factive Verbs
• 3.2.1 The Truth-value of the Proposition of the Presuppositions
• 3.2.2 The Projectional Ability
• 3.2.3 The Semantic Type of the Presuppositions
• 3.2.4 The Relationship between the Semantic Structure of the Verbs and Their Presuppositions
• 3.3 The Presuppositional Mechanism of Chinese Speech-act Factive Verbs
• 3.3.1 The Truth-value of the Proposition of the Presuppositions
• 3.3.2 The Projectional Ability
• 3.3.3 The Semantic Type of the Presuppositions
• 3.3.4 The Relationship between the Semantic Structure of the Verbs and Their Presuppositions
• 3.4 The Presuppositional Mechanism of Chinese Non-verbal Operative Factive Verbs
• 3.4.1 The Truth-value of the Proposition of the Presuppositions
• 3.4.2 The Projectional Ability
• 3.4.3 The Semantic Type of the Presuppositions
• 3.4.4 The Relationship between the Semantic Structure of the Verbs and Their Presuppositions
• 3.5 Summary
• Chapter 4 The Linguistic Mechanism of Chinese Factive Verbs as Presupposition Triggers
• 4.1 The Mechanism of Conventionality
• 4.2 The Mechanism of Inference from Logical Relations Embedded in Semantic Implicature
• 4.3 The Mechanism of Background Information Surviving in the Negation of the Verbs
• 4.4 Summary
• Chapter 5 A Comparative Studies of Chinese Factive Verbs and English Factive Verbs
• 5.1 Presuppositional Mechanism
• 5.2 Linguistic Mechanism
• 5.3 Summary
• Conclusion
• References
• Acknowledgements
• Informative Chinese Abstract
• Résuméand Publications since Entering the Program