本文主要研究内容
作者柴誉铎（2019）在《寒地大垄玉米原茬地精量播种机械化技术对比试验研究》一文中研究指出：北方寒地是中国最主要商品粮生产基地,玉米是其主要粮食作物之一,黑龙江省每年约产生3700万吨玉米秸秆。在玉米秸秆覆盖量大的原茬地上,一般播种机无法正常作业,废弃的秸秆多数被焚烧,为了解决高质高效量播和秸秆科学还田等难题,实现农业可持续发展,根据国家标准NYT 1768-2009《免耕播种机质量评价技术规范》,对2BMFJ-DL6型多功能玉米原茬地免耕覆秸精量播种机(下文简称DL6免耕机)进行田间试验,应用秸秆残余应力法与多重比较法相结合,探寻北方寒地地表覆盖秸秆的腐解周期;并在克山县进行播种大豆及玉米的试验示范。主要研究内容和取得的成果如下:(1)在北方寒地机械收获玉米后,地表秸秆残茬覆盖量为1.23 kg/m~2条件下,DL6免耕机以9 km/h的速度作业,机具无秸秆堵塞现象,秸秆清秸率达97%以上,作业效果良好;播种深度、均匀性及排肥一致性等性能指标均符合国家一等品的要求,机具的总排肥量稳定,达到了优等品的要求;该机施肥深度、种肥水平间距、种肥垂直间距合格率均符合北方大垄种植模式及相关农艺要求,做到了农机与农艺的结合。(2)北方寒地应用原茬地免耕覆秸精量播种机械化技术,玉米秸秆覆盖还田168天后,经机械剪切未被撕裂秸秆降解率56.3%,撕裂后秸秆降解率62.4%;玉米秸秆翻埋还田168天后,秸秆降解率60.0%。秸秆腐解具有明显阶段性,表现为“前期快、中期稳、后期慢”。(3)不同部位玉米秸秆降解率差异显著,秸秆自顶部至底部降解率呈线性降低。秸秆覆盖还田168天后,玉米秸秆降解率由快至慢排序:秸秆上(顶部)、秸秆中上、秸秆中、秸秆中下、秸秆下(根部),秸秆顶部降解率达72.3%,底部仅49.1%。(4)克山县大垄玉米原茬地应用原茬地免耕覆秸精量播种机械化技术播种玉米试验示范效果良好,在机具作业速度9 km/h的条件下,播种后地表秸秆覆盖均匀,田间出苗率达91.1%,出苗率高,苗齐、苗全、苗匀、苗壮。相较于传统播种与翻埋还田两种模式,穗长分别长17 mm和10 mm、穗粒数多22粒和19粒、穗重多34 g和25 g、穗粒重多39 g和21 g,差异显著,其他性状不显著;三种作业方式下,免耕覆秸精量播种方式的倒伏率为1.54%,传统播种与翻埋还田方式的倒伏率分别为9.92%和11.52%,显著低于其他两个处理,株数、穗数差异显著,其他性状差异不显著;其中,播种量、施肥量相同的条件下,免耕覆秸作业方式较传统作业方式亩增产72.7 kg,增幅12.7%,差异显著;相较翻埋还田作业方式亩增产43.3 kg,增幅7.2%,差异显著。免耕覆秸机械化作业方式,较传统播种和翻埋还田方式亩节本113.0元和163.0元,增效231.5元和233.56元(不计国家补贴)元,增幅29.2%和29.5%,经济效益显著。(5)在克山县大垄玉米原茬地应用原茬地免耕覆秸精量播种机械化技术播种大豆试验示范效果良好,在机具作业速度9 km/h的条件下,播种后地表秸秆覆盖均匀,田间出苗率达90.1%,较传统播种低0.8%,较翻埋还田模式低1.3%。出苗率高,苗齐、苗全、苗匀、苗壮。在开花期测定四种模式的株高,免耕覆秸模式较传统播种低0.7 cm,较翻埋还田作业方式低3.1 cm。在成熟期测定免耕覆秸模式较传统播种模式株高降低1.5 cm,主茎节数少2个,1粒豆荚数多0.4个,2粒豆荚数少3.4个,3粒豆荚数多4.7个,4粒豆荚数多0.5个,瘪粒豆荚数多2.2个;较翻埋还田模式株高低3.1 cm,主茎节数少1个,1粒豆荚数多1.4个,2粒豆荚数少0.6个,3粒豆荚数多8.0个,4粒豆荚数多7.5个,瘪粒豆荚数多1.2个。在播种量、施肥量一致的条件下,免耕覆秸方式的亩产量较传统播种与翻埋还田方式分别高20.6 kg和15.8 kg,增幅11.7%和8.7%,差异显著;免耕覆秸方式较传统作业与翻埋还田方式分别亩均节本40.0元和65.0元,增效109.1元和118.0元(不计国家补贴),增幅21.0%和23.1%,经济效益显著。
Abstract
bei fang han de shi zhong guo zui zhu yao shang pin liang sheng chan ji de ,yu mi shi ji zhu yao liang shi zuo wu zhi yi ,hei long jiang sheng mei nian yao chan sheng 3700mo dun yu mi jie gan 。zai yu mi jie gan fu gai liang da de yuan cha de shang ,yi ban bo chong ji mo fa zheng chang zuo ye ,fei qi de jie gan duo shu bei fen shao ,wei le jie jue gao zhi gao xiao liang bo he jie gan ke xue hai tian deng nan ti ,shi xian nong ye ke chi xu fa zhan ,gen ju guo jia biao zhun NYT 1768-2009《mian geng bo chong ji zhi liang ping jia ji shu gui fan 》,dui 2BMFJ-DL6xing duo gong neng yu mi yuan cha de mian geng fu jie jing liang bo chong ji (xia wen jian chen DL6mian geng ji )jin hang tian jian shi yan ,ying yong jie gan can yu ying li fa yu duo chong bi jiao fa xiang jie ge ,tan xun bei fang han de de biao fu gai jie gan de fu jie zhou ji ;bing zai ke shan xian jin hang bo chong da dou ji yu mi de shi yan shi fan 。zhu yao yan jiu nei rong he qu de de cheng guo ru xia :(1)zai bei fang han de ji xie shou huo yu mi hou ,de biao jie gan can cha fu gai liang wei 1.23 kg/m~2tiao jian xia ,DL6mian geng ji yi 9 km/hde su du zuo ye ,ji ju mo jie gan du sai xian xiang ,jie gan qing jie lv da 97%yi shang ,zuo ye xiao guo liang hao ;bo chong shen du 、jun yun xing ji pai fei yi zhi xing deng xing neng zhi biao jun fu ge guo jia yi deng pin de yao qiu ,ji ju de zong pai fei liang wen ding ,da dao le you deng pin de yao qiu ;gai ji shi fei shen du 、chong fei shui ping jian ju 、chong fei chui zhi jian ju ge ge lv jun fu ge bei fang da long chong zhi mo shi ji xiang guan nong yi yao qiu ,zuo dao le nong ji yu nong yi de jie ge 。(2)bei fang han de ying yong yuan cha de mian geng fu jie jing liang bo chong ji xie hua ji shu ,yu mi jie gan fu gai hai tian 168tian hou ,jing ji xie jian qie wei bei si lie jie gan jiang jie lv 56.3%,si lie hou jie gan jiang jie lv 62.4%;yu mi jie gan fan mai hai tian 168tian hou ,jie gan jiang jie lv 60.0%。jie gan fu jie ju you ming xian jie duan xing ,biao xian wei “qian ji kuai 、zhong ji wen 、hou ji man ”。(3)bu tong bu wei yu mi jie gan jiang jie lv cha yi xian zhe ,jie gan zi ding bu zhi de bu jiang jie lv cheng xian xing jiang di 。jie gan fu gai hai tian 168tian hou ,yu mi jie gan jiang jie lv you kuai zhi man pai xu :jie gan shang (ding bu )、jie gan zhong shang 、jie gan zhong 、jie gan zhong xia 、jie gan xia (gen bu ),jie gan ding bu jiang jie lv da 72.3%,de bu jin 49.1%。(4)ke shan xian da long yu mi yuan cha de ying yong yuan cha de mian geng fu jie jing liang bo chong ji xie hua ji shu bo chong yu mi shi yan shi fan xiao guo liang hao ,zai ji ju zuo ye su du 9 km/hde tiao jian xia ,bo chong hou de biao jie gan fu gai jun yun ,tian jian chu miao lv da 91.1%,chu miao lv gao ,miao ji 、miao quan 、miao yun 、miao zhuang 。xiang jiao yu chuan tong bo chong yu fan mai hai tian liang chong mo shi ,sui chang fen bie chang 17 mmhe 10 mm、sui li shu duo 22li he 19li 、sui chong duo 34 ghe 25 g、sui li chong duo 39 ghe 21 g,cha yi xian zhe ,ji ta xing zhuang bu xian zhe ;san chong zuo ye fang shi xia ,mian geng fu jie jing liang bo chong fang shi de dao fu lv wei 1.54%,chuan tong bo chong yu fan mai hai tian fang shi de dao fu lv fen bie wei 9.92%he 11.52%,xian zhe di yu ji ta liang ge chu li ,zhu shu 、sui shu cha yi xian zhe ,ji ta xing zhuang cha yi bu xian zhe ;ji zhong ,bo chong liang 、shi fei liang xiang tong de tiao jian xia ,mian geng fu jie zuo ye fang shi jiao chuan tong zuo ye fang shi mu zeng chan 72.7 kg,zeng fu 12.7%,cha yi xian zhe ;xiang jiao fan mai hai tian zuo ye fang shi mu zeng chan 43.3 kg,zeng fu 7.2%,cha yi xian zhe 。mian geng fu jie ji xie hua zuo ye fang shi ,jiao chuan tong bo chong he fan mai hai tian fang shi mu jie ben 113.0yuan he 163.0yuan ,zeng xiao 231.5yuan he 233.56yuan (bu ji guo jia bu tie )yuan ,zeng fu 29.2%he 29.5%,jing ji xiao yi xian zhe 。(5)zai ke shan xian da long yu mi yuan cha de ying yong yuan cha de mian geng fu jie jing liang bo chong ji xie hua ji shu bo chong da dou shi yan shi fan xiao guo liang hao ,zai ji ju zuo ye su du 9 km/hde tiao jian xia ,bo chong hou de biao jie gan fu gai jun yun ,tian jian chu miao lv da 90.1%,jiao chuan tong bo chong di 0.8%,jiao fan mai hai tian mo shi di 1.3%。chu miao lv gao ,miao ji 、miao quan 、miao yun 、miao zhuang 。zai kai hua ji ce ding si chong mo shi de zhu gao ,mian geng fu jie mo shi jiao chuan tong bo chong di 0.7 cm,jiao fan mai hai tian zuo ye fang shi di 3.1 cm。zai cheng shou ji ce ding mian geng fu jie mo shi jiao chuan tong bo chong mo shi zhu gao jiang di 1.5 cm,zhu jing jie shu shao 2ge ,1li dou jia shu duo 0.4ge ,2li dou jia shu shao 3.4ge ,3li dou jia shu duo 4.7ge ,4li dou jia shu duo 0.5ge ,bie li dou jia shu duo 2.2ge ;jiao fan mai hai tian mo shi zhu gao di 3.1 cm,zhu jing jie shu shao 1ge ,1li dou jia shu duo 1.4ge ,2li dou jia shu shao 0.6ge ,3li dou jia shu duo 8.0ge ,4li dou jia shu duo 7.5ge ,bie li dou jia shu duo 1.2ge 。zai bo chong liang 、shi fei liang yi zhi de tiao jian xia ,mian geng fu jie fang shi de mu chan liang jiao chuan tong bo chong yu fan mai hai tian fang shi fen bie gao 20.6 kghe 15.8 kg,zeng fu 11.7%he 8.7%,cha yi xian zhe ;mian geng fu jie fang shi jiao chuan tong zuo ye yu fan mai hai tian fang shi fen bie mu jun jie ben 40.0yuan he 65.0yuan ,zeng xiao 109.1yuan he 118.0yuan (bu ji guo jia bu tie ),zeng fu 21.0%he 23.1%,jing ji xiao yi xian zhe 。
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论文详细介绍
论文作者分别是来自东北农业大学的柴誉铎，发表于刊物东北农业大学2019-08-27论文，是一篇关于免耕覆秸播种论文,玉米秸秆论文,残余应力论文,田间试验论文,腐解论文,东北农业大学2019-08-27论文的文章。本文可供学术参考使用，各位学者可以免费参考阅读下载，文章观点不代表本站观点，资料来自东北农业大学2019-08-27论文网站，若本站收录的文献无意侵犯了您的著作版权，请联系我们删除。
标签：免耕覆秸播种论文; 玉米秸秆论文; 残余应力论文; 田间试验论文; 腐解论文; 东北农业大学2019-08-27论文;