房颤患者的卒中预防研究

房颤患者的卒中预防研究

论文摘要

心房纤颤简称“房颤”(atrial fibrillation),是一种很常见的心律失常,仅次于早搏而居第二位,房颤是心肌丧失了正常有规律的舒缩活动,而代之以快速而不协调的微弱蠕动,致使心房失去了正常的有效收缩。房颤极易引起卒中。伴随着房颤发病率的增多,房颤引起的卒中发病率也日益增加,且预后不良。华法林是房颤患者应用的最主要抗凝药物,但在我国的应用却远远不足。本研究的目的旨在探讨房颤患者发生卒中的抗凝防治模式。采用回顾性研究的方法,对480例患者进行调查分析,并对其中236例患者进行电话随访。从性别、年龄、房颤的类型、抗凝治疗的模式分析房颤患者的抗凝现状。结果显示,480例患者中,男289例(占60.2%),女191例(占39.8%),平均年龄68.9±13岁。CHADS2分数的平均值为1.60±1.33。381例患者的CHADS2分数≥1。共有210例患者使用华法林抗凝治疗,其中服用华法林的患者中,182例开展了华法林的同步INR检测(86.7%)。125例患者单独服用阿斯匹林,99例患者阿斯匹林与氯吡格雷合用(20.6%)。随访数据可以看出,236例随访患者中,29例死亡(12.3%),4例发生非致死性卒中,存活的207例患者中,仅有54人服用华法林(26.1%),有85例患者服用阿斯匹林,5例患者服用氯吡格雷。结论:房颤患者并没有注意到抗凝的重要性,华法林的应用达不到临床要求。即使CHADS2分数很高,也没有得到适当的抗凝治疗。相比华法林,临床上更倾向于使用阿斯匹林,后者的临床抗凝作用达不到华法林的效果,并且服用阿斯匹林抗凝的患者,其剂量很小,达不到预防卒中的满意疗效。阿斯匹林与氯吡格雷合用的概率也很高,但从经济负担、出血风险考虑,临床上不值得推荐。临床医生应提高抗凝意识,注意华法林的剂量,使其达到抗凝标准。部分服用华法林的患者没有做到INR检测的同步,这对于患者是有危险的。随访结果发现房颤患者的死亡率较高,推测是临床上华法林使用率低,未能降低房颤患者的死亡率。

论文目录

  • 一、论文
  • (一) 中文摘要
  • (二) 英文摘要
  • (三) 引言
  • (四) 病例与方法
  • (五) 结果
  • (六) 讨论
  • (七) 小结
  • (八) 参考文献
  • (九) 附录
  • 附录1 房颤患者卒中预防的治疗模式、治疗结果和费用调查问卷
  • 附录2 随访调查问卷
  • 二、文献综述
  • 房颤患者的抗凝现状
  • 参考文献
  • 房颤患者缺血性卒中的预防
  • 参考文献
  • To prevent ischemic stroke in patients with atrial fibrillation
  • References
  • 三、致谢
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    房颤患者的卒中预防研究
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