本文主要研究内容
作者李芳（2019）在《思雅河喀斯特峰丛藓类蒴齿多样性及分布规律研究》一文中研究指出：蒴齿着生于藓类植物孢蒴口部,具有保护并主导孢子散发的功能。国内外对蒴齿的研究主要集中在运用蒴齿结构对藓类植物进化地位判定和分类。但是关于蒴齿形态结构多样性,以及蒴齿控制孢子散发的过程与机制,未见系统的研究报道。本论文旨在探索喀斯特峰丛环境下藓类蒴齿的形态结构类型与多样性,初步探索蒴齿结构特征与环境适应性关系,并揭示蒴齿对孢子释放控制的过程与机制。论文选择思雅河周围3座典型喀斯特峰丛作为野外定点采样区域,通过室外定点观察与采样、室内解剖观察、自制设备控制水湿运动等试验方法,对藓类物种组成、蒴齿形态结构类型与多样性、蒴齿水湿运动释孢过程等方面进行了研究,其结果如下:(1)藓类蒴齿类型及物种组成:研究区藓类共计11科26属74种,均为节齿藓类,包括顶蒴单齿藓acrocarpi-haplolepideae 26种,以对干旱环境耐受性强的丛藓科Pottiaceae小石藓属Weissia(综合优势比SDR:85.34%)为主;顶蒴双齿藓acrocarpi-diplolepideae 21种,以生于湿润环境的真藓科Bryaceae真藓属Bryum(SDR:75.15%)占优势;侧蒴双齿藓pleurocarpi-diplolepideae 27种,以喜阴湿的青藓科Brachytheciaceae青藓属Brachythecium(SDR:96.79%)分布最广。其优势种为阔叶小石藓Weissia planifolia(SDR:100%),真藓Bryum argenteum(SDR:62.62%),拟阔叶小石藓Weissia platyphylloides(SDR:60.86%),以及圆枝青藓Brachythecium garovaglioides(SDR:45.94%)、美灰藓Eurohypnum leptothallum(SDR:45.48%)等。(2)环境因素对藓类蒴齿类型分布的影响:3座峰丛植被覆盖率为Ⅰ号峰丛>Ⅱ号峰丛>Ⅲ号峰丛,Ⅱ号、Ⅲ号峰丛土壤受阳光照射强度大于Ⅰ号峰丛。3个坡段的植被覆盖率为坡底>坡中>坡顶,且坡中、坡顶湿度低于坡底。研究表明,在环境良好的Ⅰ号峰丛以侧蒴双齿藓为主,而环境较为恶劣的Ⅱ号、Ⅲ号峰丛则以顶蒴单齿藓为主。在坡底以侧蒴双齿藓类群优势分布,在坡中、坡顶则以顶蒴单齿藓类占优势。冗余分析(RDA)表明:光照强度和环境温度是影响顶蒴单齿藓类的分布主要因子;侧蒴双齿藓类的分布则主要受到相对湿度的强烈影响。(3)藓类蒴齿形态结构特征:本文选择了3种类型共7种典型节齿藓类为研究对象,其蒴齿解剖学结果表明:(1)顶蒴单齿藓类:尖叶对齿藓Didymodon constrictus的蒴齿32枚,长线形,右旋2~3回;鳞叶凤尾藓Fissidens taxifoliusis的蒴齿16枚,与双齿藓类的外齿结构相似,具横隔,可进行水湿运动。(2)顶蒴双齿藓类:真藓B.argenteum外齿与内齿对生,闭合时外齿齿尖伸入内齿。齿片16,具横隔28~40,齿条16,具穿孔,齿毛2~3条;狭网真藓Bryum algovicum外齿与内齿对生,闭合时外齿齿尖伸入内齿。齿片16,具横隔22~28,齿条16,具穿孔,齿毛2~3条;宽叶真藓Bryum funkii外齿与内齿对生,蒴齿沿蒴口螺旋排列。齿片16,具横隔20~22,齿条16,内齿无穿孔和齿毛。(3)侧蒴双齿藓类:圆枝青藓B.garovaglioides外齿与内齿互生,闭合时外齿包裹内齿。齿片16,横隔9~13,节片宽,齿条16,具长穿孔,无齿毛;小青藓Brachythecium perminusculum外齿与内齿对生,闭合时外齿齿尖伸入内齿。齿片16,在显微镜下可见明显的横纹,齿条16,齿毛1~2,退化。(4)狭网真藓的水湿运动实验显示:其蒴齿在环境湿润时闭合,当湿度≤65%RH时,蒴齿张开并弹出孢子。孢子以平抛运动方式散发,水平初速度为0.23m/s,散孢水平距离为13.98mm,散落的孢子在以蒴齿为中心的四周形成一个宽为11.54mm圆环。平均每次散孢457个,单靠蒴齿运动散孢需重复503次才能散完孢子。不同蒴齿型藓类受光照强度、环境湿度和环境温度的影响,在喀斯特峰丛的分布具有很大差异,因此藓类的分布变化在峰丛的不同坡段随相对湿度的梯度性呈现规律性的变化。同蒴齿型藓类的蒴齿结构具有一定差异性,这些差异为藓类分类提供可靠的依据。湿度为蒴齿的开合提供动力,与蒴齿结构一起控制着孢子释放的距离、周期和数量,从而保证孢子的活性。蒴齿结构决定藓类的散孢方式,湿度调节蒴齿的散孢过程,二者共同影响藓类的生长与分布。正因为如此,不同蒴齿类型藓类在喀斯特峰丛上的分布具有明显差异。
Abstract
shuo chi zhao sheng yu xian lei zhi wu bao shuo kou bu ,ju you bao hu bing zhu dao bao zi san fa de gong neng 。guo nei wai dui shuo chi de yan jiu zhu yao ji zhong zai yun yong shuo chi jie gou dui xian lei zhi wu jin hua de wei pan ding he fen lei 。dan shi guan yu shuo chi xing tai jie gou duo yang xing ,yi ji shuo chi kong zhi bao zi san fa de guo cheng yu ji zhi ,wei jian ji tong de yan jiu bao dao 。ben lun wen zhi zai tan suo ka si te feng cong huan jing xia xian lei shuo chi de xing tai jie gou lei xing yu duo yang xing ,chu bu tan suo shuo chi jie gou te zheng yu huan jing kuo ying xing guan ji ,bing jie shi shuo chi dui bao zi shi fang kong zhi de guo cheng yu ji zhi 。lun wen shua ze sai ya he zhou wei 3zuo dian xing ka si te feng cong zuo wei ye wai ding dian cai yang ou yu ,tong guo shi wai ding dian guan cha yu cai yang 、shi nei jie pou guan cha 、zi zhi she bei kong zhi shui shi yun dong deng shi yan fang fa ,dui xian lei wu chong zu cheng 、shuo chi xing tai jie gou lei xing yu duo yang xing 、shuo chi shui shi yun dong shi bao guo cheng deng fang mian jin hang le yan jiu ,ji jie guo ru xia :(1)xian lei shuo chi lei xing ji wu chong zu cheng :yan jiu ou xian lei gong ji 11ke 26shu 74chong ,jun wei jie chi xian lei ,bao gua ding shuo chan chi xian acrocarpi-haplolepideae 26chong ,yi dui gan han huan jing nai shou xing jiang de cong xian ke Pottiaceaexiao dan xian shu Weissia(zeng ge you shi bi SDR:85.34%)wei zhu ;ding shuo shuang chi xian acrocarpi-diplolepideae 21chong ,yi sheng yu shi run huan jing de zhen xian ke Bryaceaezhen xian shu Bryum(SDR:75.15%)zhan you shi ;ce shuo shuang chi xian pleurocarpi-diplolepideae 27chong ,yi xi yin shi de qing xian ke Brachytheciaceaeqing xian shu Brachythecium(SDR:96.79%)fen bu zui an 。ji you shi chong wei kuo xie xiao dan xian Weissia planifolia(SDR:100%),zhen xian Bryum argenteum(SDR:62.62%),ni kuo xie xiao dan xian Weissia platyphylloides(SDR:60.86%),yi ji yuan zhi qing xian Brachythecium garovaglioides(SDR:45.94%)、mei hui xian Eurohypnum leptothallum(SDR:45.48%)deng 。(2)huan jing yin su dui xian lei shuo chi lei xing fen bu de ying xiang :3zuo feng cong zhi bei fu gai lv wei Ⅰhao feng cong >Ⅱhao feng cong >Ⅲhao feng cong ,Ⅱhao 、Ⅲhao feng cong tu rang shou yang guang zhao she jiang du da yu Ⅰhao feng cong 。3ge po duan de zhi bei fu gai lv wei po de >po zhong >po ding ,ju po zhong 、po ding shi du di yu po de 。yan jiu biao ming ,zai huan jing liang hao de Ⅰhao feng cong yi ce shuo shuang chi xian wei zhu ,er huan jing jiao wei e lie de Ⅱhao 、Ⅲhao feng cong ze yi ding shuo chan chi xian wei zhu 。zai po de yi ce shuo shuang chi xian lei qun you shi fen bu ,zai po zhong 、po ding ze yi ding shuo chan chi xian lei zhan you shi 。rong yu fen xi (RDA)biao ming :guang zhao jiang du he huan jing wen du shi ying xiang ding shuo chan chi xian lei de fen bu zhu yao yin zi ;ce shuo shuang chi xian lei de fen bu ze zhu yao shou dao xiang dui shi du de jiang lie ying xiang 。(3)xian lei shuo chi xing tai jie gou te zheng :ben wen shua ze le 3chong lei xing gong 7chong dian xing jie chi xian lei wei yan jiu dui xiang ,ji shuo chi jie pou xue jie guo biao ming :(1)ding shuo chan chi xian lei :jian xie dui chi xian Didymodon constrictusde shuo chi 32mei ,chang xian xing ,you xuan 2~3hui ;lin xie feng wei xian Fissidens taxifoliusisde shuo chi 16mei ,yu shuang chi xian lei de wai chi jie gou xiang shi ,ju heng ge ,ke jin hang shui shi yun dong 。(2)ding shuo shuang chi xian lei :zhen xian B.argenteumwai chi yu nei chi dui sheng ,bi ge shi wai chi chi jian shen ru nei chi 。chi pian 16,ju heng ge 28~40,chi tiao 16,ju chuan kong ,chi mao 2~3tiao ;xia wang zhen xian Bryum algovicumwai chi yu nei chi dui sheng ,bi ge shi wai chi chi jian shen ru nei chi 。chi pian 16,ju heng ge 22~28,chi tiao 16,ju chuan kong ,chi mao 2~3tiao ;kuan xie zhen xian Bryum funkiiwai chi yu nei chi dui sheng ,shuo chi yan shuo kou luo xuan pai lie 。chi pian 16,ju heng ge 20~22,chi tiao 16,nei chi mo chuan kong he chi mao 。(3)ce shuo shuang chi xian lei :yuan zhi qing xian B.garovaglioideswai chi yu nei chi hu sheng ,bi ge shi wai chi bao guo nei chi 。chi pian 16,heng ge 9~13,jie pian kuan ,chi tiao 16,ju chang chuan kong ,mo chi mao ;xiao qing xian Brachythecium perminusculumwai chi yu nei chi dui sheng ,bi ge shi wai chi chi jian shen ru nei chi 。chi pian 16,zai xian wei jing xia ke jian ming xian de heng wen ,chi tiao 16,chi mao 1~2,tui hua 。(4)xia wang zhen xian de shui shi yun dong shi yan xian shi :ji shuo chi zai huan jing shi run shi bi ge ,dang shi du ≤65%RHshi ,shuo chi zhang kai bing dan chu bao zi 。bao zi yi ping pao yun dong fang shi san fa ,shui ping chu su du wei 0.23m/s,san bao shui ping ju li wei 13.98mm,san la de bao zi zai yi shuo chi wei zhong xin de si zhou xing cheng yi ge kuan wei 11.54mmyuan huan 。ping jun mei ci san bao 457ge ,chan kao shuo chi yun dong san bao xu chong fu 503ci cai neng san wan bao zi 。bu tong shuo chi xing xian lei shou guang zhao jiang du 、huan jing shi du he huan jing wen du de ying xiang ,zai ka si te feng cong de fen bu ju you hen da cha yi ,yin ci xian lei de fen bu bian hua zai feng cong de bu tong po duan sui xiang dui shi du de ti du xing cheng xian gui lv xing de bian hua 。tong shuo chi xing xian lei de shuo chi jie gou ju you yi ding cha yi xing ,zhe xie cha yi wei xian lei fen lei di gong ke kao de yi ju 。shi du wei shuo chi de kai ge di gong dong li ,yu shuo chi jie gou yi qi kong zhi zhao bao zi shi fang de ju li 、zhou ji he shu liang ,cong er bao zheng bao zi de huo xing 。shuo chi jie gou jue ding xian lei de san bao fang shi ,shi du diao jie shuo chi de san bao guo cheng ,er zhe gong tong ying xiang xian lei de sheng chang yu fen bu 。zheng yin wei ru ci ,bu tong shuo chi lei xing xian lei zai ka si te feng cong shang de fen bu ju you ming xian cha yi 。
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论文详细介绍
论文作者分别是来自贵州师范大学的李芳，发表于刊物贵州师范大学2019-07-22论文，是一篇关于蒴齿论文,节齿藓类论文,生态分布论文,环境因子论文,喀斯特峰丛论文,贵州师范大学2019-07-22论文的文章。本文可供学术参考使用，各位学者可以免费参考阅读下载，文章观点不代表本站观点，资料来自贵州师范大学2019-07-22论文网站，若本站收录的文献无意侵犯了您的著作版权，请联系我们删除。
标签：蒴齿论文; 节齿藓类论文; 生态分布论文; 环境因子论文; 喀斯特峰丛论文; 贵州师范大学2019-07-22论文;