从中国古代诗歌文化意象翻译看异化与归化 ——以《诗经》为个案研究

论文摘要

纵观中华民族五千年文化，璀璨辉煌，源远流长。中国古代诗歌一直都是中国诗学、文学和文艺理论研究的热门话题。随着近些年国家的日益强盛和全球化的日益加剧，对中国古代诗歌的研究也成了翻译研究的热点之一。而隐藏在其中的文化意象研究更是成为了上世纪90年代末至今诗歌翻译的重点和难点。如何更好地翻译古诗中的文化意象以促进不同文化间的传播与沟通？不同的学者各有不同观点，这也成了翻译界极具争论的话题之一。关于翻译策略的选择，文化差异问题通常采取异化和归化两种不同的策略。异化尽量采用靠近源语言文化的表达方式，旨在最大限度保留原文的本色与异国情调，是一种以源语言为归宿的翻译策略。与异化不同，归化尽量采用靠近目的语文化的表达方式，使译文读起来流畅通俗，适合目的语读者，是一种以目的语为归宿的翻译策略。两种翻译策略各有其特点与价值，同时也各有优缺点。我们不能片面地强调其中一种而忽视另一种，而是应该展开辨证地讨论与研究。近些年有学者提出了杂合理论，主张在翻译中将异化与归化结合起来，在优化翻译效果的同时也缓和了两种不同策略间的矛盾。本文首先介绍了诗歌当中文化意象翻译研究的背景与现状，以及文化意象翻译的意义和重要性，引出异化和归化两个传统的文化意象翻译策略以及近些年不少学者提出的杂合理论。针对翻译界对两种策略的热烈争论，通过详细分析两种策略在翻译中各自存在的优缺点及对比研究其实际作用，笔者认为要做到既要保持原作的异域风情，又要照顾目的语读者感受，两种翻译策略的结合使用才是最终的选择，也就是笔者所提倡的杂合理论。异化和归化不仅仅是两种矛盾的翻译策略，他们之间更是有着千丝万缕、密不可分的联系。最后本文以中国著名的古代诗歌集《诗经》为个案，通过对《关雎》与《蒹葭》其四个译本的对比研究以及著名诗句的研究，得出重要结论：中国古代诗词的意象翻译不应该一味使用异化或一味使用归化，将两种翻译策略结合起来的杂合理论才更能满足当今时代对翻译的需求。综上所述，笔者认为，在中国古代诗歌的文化意象翻译当中，异化与归化都能在目的语与源语言文化中完成各自使命，因而各有其存在价值；但同时它们又由其不可避免的缺点。只有采用杂合的理念将二者有机结合起来，才能扬长避短，更好地促进东西文化的交流与传播。

论文目录

• 摘要
• ABSTRACT
• CONTENTS
• Chapter 1 Introduction
• 1.1 Goal of the Present Study
• 1.2 Current Researches on Translation Strategy
• 1.3 Scope of the Present Study
• Chapter 2 Literature Review
• 2.1 Cultural Image in Chinese Classical Poetry
• 2.1.1 On Cultural Image
• 2.1.2 Cultural Images in Chinese Classical Poetry
• 2.2 Translation Strategies on Cultural Image Dimension
• 2.2.1 Domestication and Foreignization
• 2.2.2 Brief Literature Review of Hybrid Study
• 2.3 Researches on the Translation of The Book of Songs
• 2.3.1 The Research Overview of the Translation of The Book of Songs
• 2.3.2 The Historical and Current Research of The Book of Songs
• 2.3.3 The Research Methodology of the Translation of The Book of Songs
• Chapter 3 Foreignization and Domestication in Cultural Image Translation
• 3.1 Cultural Image Translation
• 3.1.1 Purpose of Translating Cultural Images in Chinese Classical Poetry
• 3.1.2 Difficulties in Chinese Cultural Image Translation
• 3.2 Foreignization Strategy in Translating Cultural Images
• 3.2.1 Translating Cultural Images by Cultural Transplantation
• 3.2.2 The Advantages and Disadvantages of Cultural Transplantation
• 3.2.3 Translating Cultural Images by Cultural Annotation
• 3.2.4 The Advantages and Disadvantages of Cultural Annotation
• 3.3 Domestication Strategy in Cultural Images Translation
• 3.3.1 Translating Cultural Images by Cultural Substitution
• 3.3.2 The Advantages and Disadvantages of Cultural Substitution
• 3.3.3 Translating Cultural Images by Cultural Deletion
• 3.3.4 The Advantages and Disadvantages of Cultural Deletion
• 3.4 Hybridity in Practice
• 3.4.1 The Classification of Hybridity
• 3.4.2 Hybridity in Cultural Image Translation
• 3.4.3 Degrees of Hybridity in Translating Cultural Images
• Chapter 4 Foreignization and Domestication of the Images in the Translation of The Book of Songs
• 4.1 Significance of The Book of Songs to Modern People
• 4.2 Cultural Images in The Book of Songs
• 4.3 Translation Strategies Used to Translate Cultural Images in The Book of Songs
• 4.3.1 Application of Foreignization in The Book of Songs
• 4.3.2 Application of Domestication in The Book of Songs
• 4.3.3 Hybridity in The Book of Songs
• 4.4 Comparative Analysis of the Four Versions of《关雎》and《蒹葭》
• 4.4.1 Comparative Analysis of the Four Versions of《关雎》
• 4.4.2 Comparative Analysis of the Four Versions of《蒹葭》
• 4.5 Hybridity: Solution of Cultural Image Translation in The Book of Songs
• Chapter 5 Conclusion
• 5.1 Summary of the Major Findings of the Research
• 5.2 Limitations of the Current Research
• 5.3 Recommendations of the Further Research
• BIBLIOGRAPHY
• 攻读硕士学位期间发表的论文
• ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS