三美原则——古诗英译的可行途径

三美原则——古诗英译的可行途径

论文摘要

中国古典诗歌是中华文化中的一颗明珠,以其优美的意境和韵律而著称。为了使更多的人能够欣赏到这一文化瑰宝,不少中外学者长期以来一直致力于中国古典诗歌的翻译,把这一不朽的文化遗产介绍给世界。然而,汉语和英语属于不同的语系,且中国和英语国家有着不同的历史文化、社会习俗以及语言背景,因此中国古典诗歌的翻译是一项极其艰巨的任务。不同的译者在译诗时有着不同的翻译策略,因而形成了不同的译诗流派。在我国,中诗英译的流派主要可以分为三大派:格律诗体派、自由诗体派以及仿译派。格律诗体派的核心主张是以诗译诗。而自由诗体派则主张放弃韵脚,不拘泥于行数限制,但保持一定的节奏,追求最大的限度地传达原诗的意义。仿译派则认为译诗在于保持原诗本色,不必模仿其形式。三大流派各有所长又各有其缺陷。由于各大流派之间的分歧难以折中,我们不妨从另一个角度来探讨诗歌翻译。既然美是诗歌的重要特性,诗歌翻译可以视为一个传递原诗美的过程,我们不妨借用美学的观点来探讨诗歌翻译。许渊冲教授结合我国传统译论及自身丰富的诗歌翻译实践,提出了诗歌翻译的“三美”原则——“意美”、“音美”和“形美”。“意美”即传递原诗的神韵;“音美”指译诗押韵,也就是诗歌要有节奏、押韵、顺口、好听;“形美”指译诗诗行整齐或长短不齐如原诗。由于三美理论强调美,尤其是音美,因此与以信为本的传统翻译理论有了冲突,译界对三美理论有着不同看法,褒扬者有之,反对者亦不少。本文主要探讨了三美原则用于诗歌翻译的可行性。作者先从英汉诗歌的对比研究出发,讨论了汉诗英译的难点和要求以及各流派的不同观点,并提出从美学角度来探讨诗歌翻译。作者接着介绍了三美原则的来源、内容以及方法论,同时用具体实例分析了三美原则在再现原诗意美、音美和形美方面的可行性,并分析了读者对三美原则指导下的译文的反应。作者最后指出了三美原则的某些不足之处。本文作者通过分析三美原则在中国古典诗歌中的运用,并结合许渊冲的翻译实践,得出以下结论:三美原则用于中国古典诗歌翻译有其可行性,但也有其不足,应辨证地对待,进行合理的运用。

论文目录

  • 摘要
  • Abstract
  • Introduction
  • Chapter 1 Disputes in Chinese Classical Poetry Translation
  • 1.1 Similarities and Differences Between Chinese and English Poetry
  • 1.2 Requirements for Chinese Classical Poetry Translation
  • 1.3 Schools of Chinese Classical Poetry Translation
  • 1.4 Solution of Aesthetical Conveyance
  • Chapter 2 Three Beauties Principle Created by Xu Yuanchong
  • 2.1 Background of Three Beauties Principle
  • 2.1.1 A Brief Introduction to Xu Yuanchong
  • 2.1.2 Origin of Three Beauties Prinicple
  • 2.2 The Content of Three Beauties Principle
  • 2.2.1 Beauty in Sense
  • 2.2.2 Beauty in Sound
  • 2.2.3 Beauty in Form
  • 2.3 Relationship Among the Three Beauties
  • Chapter 3 Feasibility of Three Beauties Principle Applied to Chinese Classical Poetry Translation
  • 3.1 A Process of Aesthetical Conveyance of Original Poem
  • 3.2 Advantages of Three Beauties Principle
  • 3.3 Feasibility in Reproduction of Original Beauty
  • 3.3.1 Reproduction of Beauty in Sense
  • 3.3.2 Reproduction of Beauty in Sound
  • 3.3.3 Reproduction of Beauty in Form
  • 3.4 Reader's Aesthetic Expectation
  • Chapter 4 Disadvantages of Three Beauties Principle
  • 4.1 Comments by Scholars on Three Beauties Principle
  • 4.1.1 Praise
  • 4.1.2 Criticism
  • 4.1.3 Problems in the Comments
  • 4.2 The Deficiencies of Three Beauties Principle
  • 4.2.1 Too Ideal in Goal
  • 4.2.2 Too Much Attention Paid to Rhyme
  • 4.2.3 Over-Domestication
  • Conclusion
  • Appendix
  • Bibliography
  • Acknowledgements
  • 攻读学位期间主要的研究成果目录
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    三美原则——古诗英译的可行途径
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