论文摘要
二十世纪七十年代以来,随着语言教学重心从教师到学习者的转移,情感因素对语言学习绩效的影响也逐渐受到外语教学研究者的重视。越来越多的研究表明不良的情感因素是导致外语学习障碍的重要因素之一。而在众多的不良的情感因素中,焦虑对外语学习的影响力是不容忽视的。焦虑是人通过神经系统对紧张、忧虑、胆怯、担忧的一种主观感受。而外语学习中的焦虑主要指学习者用外语进行表达时产生的恐惧和不安心理。对于焦虑的研究最初是在心理学领域,后逐渐在其他一些相关学科引起广泛关注。研究表明,引起语言学习者焦虑情绪的原因有交流障碍,对负面评价的恐惧,对语言课程的消极态度及考试的压力;但同时有学者提出焦虑对语言学习绩效的影响并不完全是负面的,适度的焦虑实际上是能促进学习的。根据克拉申的“情感过滤假设”,第二语言的习得进程受许多情感因素的影响。语言输入必须通过情感过滤才有可能变成语言“吸入”(intake)。在语言输入时,情感过滤起着阻碍或促进作用,过强的情感过滤会影响语言输入,因此语言教师应及时采取措施来疏导和降低学生的焦虑情绪。本文对浙江林学院一、二年级的本科生进行随机抽样调查,通过问卷的形式收集相关数据,并输入SPSS13.0统计软件进行数据分析,分析结果得出的结论如下:第一,大多数学生在英语课堂上有高于正常的焦虑情绪。第二,性别和英语水平的高低会影响学生课堂焦虑的严重程度;女生的焦虑程度高于男生,英语水平低的学生的焦虑程度高于英语水平高的学生。但从统计学意义上来说,这两个因素导致的焦虑水平的差异并不显著。第三,学生的性格对学生课堂焦虑的严重程度有显著影响。性格相对内向的学生的焦虑程度远远高于正常,并且远远高于性格相对内向的学生的焦虑程度。第四,相比于对负面评价的恐惧和对语言课程的消极态度,交流障碍更能引起学生的焦虑情绪。结合自己近六年来的教学经验及国内外研究者的研究成果,笔者提出以幽默的教学方式来减轻学生在英语课堂上的焦虑情绪。幽默的课堂教学有利于创造良好的情感环境和课堂学习气氛。具体说来,幽默手段的合理运用不仅能加强学习者的学习动机和自信心,而且有利于营造积极的课堂情感气氛、增加学生参与课堂交流的积极性。这些都有利于降低学习者的焦虑感,从而提高学习效果。
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