英汉谚语的概念隐喻及其性别文化研究

论文摘要

性别文化研究在文化与语言研究中占有非常重要的地位。在文化范畴中,性别不仅将男、女性划分为不同的社会范畴,并且显示影响性别的权力关系。在社会语言学及语用学研究中,性别一直作为语言的使用者被研究,以探索其在发音、词汇选择、话语权等语言使用中的差异。但将性别作为研究目的,由认知语言学角度进行的性别文化研究则相比甚少。本研究旨在通过概念隐喻探索蕴含在英汉谚语中的性别文化异同,并借助有关性别的英汉谚语中的概念隐喻,更深层次地发掘对性别的社会文化认知,从而归纳英汉谚语所体现的性别地位和现状。基于莱考夫(Lakoff)的概念隐喻理论(conceptual metaphor theory)及考威塞斯(K(?)vecses)的简单概念隐喻(simple conceptual metaphor)和复杂概念隐喻(complex conceptual metaphor)理论,本研究分析英汉谚语中有关性别的简单概念隐喻,并进一步归纳出更为抽象的复杂概念隐喻,其目的是探讨英汉谚语所折射出的性别文化特征。本研究从7本谚语辞典中共选取英语谚语83条,汉语谚语51条。从中分析所得简单概念隐喻152条,再由简单概念隐喻归纳出的复杂概念隐喻计37条,其中男性相关的复杂概念隐喻13条,女性相关的24条。研究结果发现:在英汉谚语中,男性可阐释为处于高位、强大、具有价值,女性则与地位低下,力量弱小、性格易变、善于挠舌等特征相关。女性总体比男性的社会地位低,且从属于男性。女性占据高位的局势仅限于英语谚语中有关爱情的主题,并不能与男性为主导的基本观念抗衡。女性的价值主要体现在充当为所有物,男性的价值则在于拥有所有权。本研究通过对英汉谚语中性别文化的探索,有助于英语学习者更深入地理解谚语所体现的文化精髓,充分认识英汉谚语对性别异同的体现,以正确学习及使用谚语。谚语是语言的精华,其中体现的性别文化是整个社会对性别的认识,故对谚语中蕴含的性别文化的了解有助于跨文化交际。在人类思想不断进步的同时,谚语中体现的部分古老的文化思想依然有迹可寻。作为人类历史文化缩影的英汉谚语所蕴含的性别文化能为今后的文化研究提供一定的研究依据。

论文目录

• 摘要
• Abstract
• 1 Introduction
• 1.1 Theories on Conceptual Metaphor（CM）
• 1.1.1 Conceptual Metaphor:Metaphor from the Cognitive Linguistic Perspective
• 1.1.2 Kovecses'Conceptual Metaphors（CMs）from Simple to Complex
• 1.1.3 Conceptual Metaphor in Proverbs
• 1.1.4 Gender Culture Related to Language and Proverbs
• 1.2 Previous Studies on Proverbs and Gender Culture:Findings and Limitations
• 1.3 Purpose and Significance of the Research
• 1.4 Structure of the Thesis
• 2 Simple CMs（SCMs）in English and Chinese Proverbs Concerning Gender
• 2.1 The Collection of Proverbs Concerning Gender
• 2.2 SCMs in Proverbs Concerning Males
• 2.2.1 SCMs in English Proverbs Concerning Males
• 2.2.2 SCMs in Chinese Proverbs Concerning Males
• 2.2.3 Comparisons of SCMs Concerning Males
• 2.3 SCMs in Proverbs Concerning Females
• 2.3.1 SCMs in English Proverbs Concerning Females
• 2.3.2 SCMs in Chinese Proverbs Concerning Females
• 2.3.3 Comparisons of SCMs Concerning Females
• 2.4 Summary
• 3 Complex CMs（CCMs）Based on SCMs in English and Chinese Proverbs Concerning Gender
• 3.1 CCMs in Proverbs Concerning Males
• 3.1.1 CCMs of MANHOOD in English Proverbs
• 3.1.2 CCMs of MANHOOD in Chinese Proverbs
• 3.2 CCMs in Proverbs Concerning Females
• 3.2.1 CCMs of WOMANHOOD in English Proverbs
• 3.2.2 CCMs of WOMANHOOD in Chinese Proverbs
• 3.2.3 Similarities and Differences among the CCMs
• 3.3 Summary
• 4 Gender Culture Revealed through CCMs in English and Chinese Proverbs
• 4.1 Gender Interpretations through CCMs
• 4.1.1 Male HIGHNESS vs.Female LOWNESS
• 4.1.2 Male MIGHTINESS vs.Female WEAKNESS
• 4.1.3 Male LOWNESS vs.Female HIGHNESS
• 4.1.4 Male VALUE vs.Female VALUE
• 4.1.5 Male DEPTH vs.Female CHANGEABLENESS
• 4.1.6 FEMALE EVILNESS
• 4.1.7 Female TALKATIVENESS
• 4.2 The Social Status of Males and Females Based on the Interpretations
• 4.2.1 Male SUPERIORITY vs.Female INFERIORITY
• 4.2.2 Male CENTER vs.Female SUBORDINATION
• 4.3 Summary
• 5 Conclusion
• 5.1 Major Findings of the Research
• 5.2 Limitations and Suggestions for Further Research
• Acknowledgements
• Notes
• Bibliography
• Publication While Registered with the MA Program