圣经寓言故事的认知阐释

圣经寓言故事的认知阐释

论文摘要

对《新约圣经》中寓言比喻(parable)的兴趣始于古罗马时期的奥古斯丁。这位北非希波的天主教主教尝试着为故事中每一个元素附加一条与天国相关的含义,从而创立了寓言比喻阐释的“寓意派”。该释经传统统治了西方的《新约圣经》寓言比喻的解释长达1500年,直至1889年于利歇尔(Adolf Jülicher)出版其著作《耶稣的比喻》(Gleichnisreden Jesu)才告终结。与奥古斯丁不同,这位德国圣经学者认为每个寓言比喻只能有一个寓意。自此以后,《新约圣经》寓言比喻的阐释便呈现出了“百家争鸣”的“折中法”时代。《新约圣经》寓言比喻是“带有属天意义的属地故事”,显示的是自然事物与精神世界间所达成的一致或对应,因此有理由认为它便是隐喻。将寓言比喻作为隐喻进行研究也不失为一个视角。基于这种初步的设想,论文作者首先对《新约圣经》寓言比喻的性质、阐释历史等作了文献梳理,进一步论证了其作为“拓展隐喻”(extended metaphor)进行研究的价值。在对隐喻及“大隐喻”(megametaphor)相关文献进行梳理并据此确立了“概念整合理论”为本研究主要理论框架之后,作者对五个具有代表性的《新约圣经》寓言比喻做了细致的认知分析。为了进一步验证分析的可信性并减少其主观性,作者设计并实施了基于所分析的寓言比喻的问卷调查,验证了先前所做的认知分析,同时也对调查对象的认知有了一些了解。从以上的研究中,作者得出了以下几点发现和结论:首先,莱考夫、约翰逊等学者所构建的认知语言学理论框架对诸如《新约圣经》寓言比喻这种富有寓意的宗教典籍具有解释价值。的确,耶稣的寓言比喻是可以理解为是天国这一抽象的认知域向受众的具体俗世认知域的投射。其次,既然人类天生具有通过共享的对世界的体验来建构或重构意义,人们便可以通过自己那些对世界所形成的意象图式(image-schema),透过宗教文本的表层去挖掘其深层的意义。最后,人们的认知、心理的机制大致相同,但个体的价值判断确要受其对世界的独特体验的影响。这就使得寓言投射以及随后的认知整合具有动态、开放的特点。同样,在原先从神学、历史、文化及文学的角度对《新约圣经》寓言比喻的分析中加入认知这一视角,并非是对其他阐释方法的排斥。实际上,这些方法都是彼此互补的。多元的视角有助于提高分析的整体质量、深度和价值。

论文目录

  • ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS
  • ABSTRACT
  • 摘要
  • ABBREVIATIONS OF BOOKS OF THE BIBLE
  • Chapter 1 Introduction
  • 1.1 Presuppositions for the study
  • 1.2 Scope and objectives of the study
  • 1.3 Methodological considerations
  • 1.4 Outline of the dissertation
  • Chapter 2 Literature review of parables
  • 2.1 Introduction
  • 2.2 The nature of parables
  • 2.3 The identification and classification of parables
  • 2.4 Distinctive elements in the parables of Jesus
  • 2.4.1 God and his kingdom
  • 2.4.2 People in God’s kingdom
  • 2.4.3 The kingdom and the community
  • 2.4.4 Future aspects of the kingdom
  • 2.5 The interpretation of parables
  • 2.5.1 Introduction
  • 2.5.2 The allegorical interpretation
  • 2.5.3 The one-point approach
  • 2.5.4 The historical-critical method
  • 2.5.5 The literary approach
  • 2.5.6 Summary
  • Chapter 3 Speculations about interpreting parables as metaphors
  • Chapter 4 An overview of metaphor research
  • 4.1 Introduction
  • 4.2 The rhetorical view
  • 4.3 Pre-Lakoffian views of metaphor
  • 4.3.1 The Interanimation View of I. A. Richards
  • 4.3.2 The Interaction View of Max Black
  • 4.4 The Lakoff-Johnson-Turner theory
  • 4.4.1 Some theoretical preliminaries
  • 4.4.2 The Conceptual Blending Theory
  • 4.5 Summary
  • Chapter 5 From metaphors to megametaphors
  • Chapter 6 A cognitive analysis of biblical parables
  • 6.1.T he Lost (Prodigal) Son
  • 6.1.1 Background information
  • 6.1.2 Analysis
  • 6.2 The Good Samaritan
  • 6.2.1 Background information
  • 6.2.2 Analysis
  • 6.3 Ten Virgins
  • 6.3.1 Background information
  • 6.3.2 Analysis
  • 6.4 Talents (Mt. 25:14-30)
  • 6.4.1 Background information
  • 6.4.2 Analysis
  • 6.5 Mustard Seed
  • 6.5.1 Background information
  • 6.5.2 Analysis
  • 6.6 Summary
  • Chapter 7 An empirical support for the cognitive analysis of biblical parables
  • 7.1 Introduction
  • 7.2 Parable 1: the Lost (Prodigal) Son
  • 7.3 Parable 2: the Good Samaritan
  • 7.4 Parable 3: Ten Virgins
  • 7.5 Parable 4: Talents
  • 7.6 Parable 5: Mustard Seed
  • 7.7 Summary
  • Chapter 8 Conclusion
  • 8.1 Summary of findings and discussion
  • 8.2 Limitations of the study
  • 8.3 Implications and suggestions for further research
  • References
  • Appendices
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    圣经寓言故事的认知阐释
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