本文主要研究内容
作者李广硕（2019）在《北京和海南高尔夫球场草坪草病害初步调查及病原真菌分类学研究》一文中研究指出：草坪草是高尔夫球场的重要组成部分,草坪病害的发生不仅会严重降低球场草坪的使用价值和观赏价值,还会为球场带来巨大的经济损失。真菌病害是高尔夫球场植物病害的主要病害种类,但目前我国对其研究甚少。本研究在2017-2018年间,以北京和海南省高尔夫球场为代表,对我国高尔夫球场主要建坪草种早熟禾(Poa pratensis)、翦股颖(Agrostis stolonifera)、海滨雀稗(Paspalum vaginatum)等草坪草的真菌病害进行了调查,并利用形态学和分子系统学方法对部分病原真菌进行了分类学研究。获得的主要结果如下:1.本研究在调查期间,对北京的8家和海南的6家高尔夫球场进行了病害发生及分布情况的调查。共采集病害样品130份,通过单孢分离法、组织分离法和土悬液分离法,分离纯化菌株603株。基于形态学以及ITS的初步鉴定结果显示,所有菌株属于40个属。其中报道可以造成草坪病害的真菌共计452株,分属于16个属。主要的病原真菌属包括弯孢属(Curvularia),镰刀菌属(Fusarium),微座孢属(Microdochium),小光壳属(Leptosphaerulina),漆斑菌属(Myrothecium),茎点霉属(Phoma),炭疽菌属(Colletotrichum),丝核菌属(Rhizoctonia)等。2.以北京为代表的冷季型草种建植的高尔夫球场和以海南为代表的暖季型建植的高尔夫球场主要病原菌存在差异,其中北京高尔夫球场草坪中分布最广、数量最多的病原菌属于弯孢菌属,其次是漆斑菌属(Myrothecium)和小光壳属(Leptosphaerulina),。在海南高尔夫球场草坪中分布最广、数量最多的病原菌属于镰刀菌(Fusarium),还有弯孢菌属(Curvularia),微座孢属(Microdochium)。此外,果岭和球道的病原真菌的多样性比发球台和高草区高,这可能与果岭和球道的修剪频率较高有关。3.发现了一种引起冷季型草草地早熟禾(Poa pratensis)和匍匐翦股颖(Agrostis stolonifera)的叶斑病,命名为微座孢叶斑病,利用形态学和系统发育学鉴定其病原菌为真菌新物种,禾生微座孢(Microdochium poae)。致病性试验发现侵染后匍匐剪股颖的发病时间(35天)早于草地早熟禾的致病性比早熟禾(45天)更高。4.首次报道漆斑类(Myrothecium-like)真菌可以造成草坪叶枯病和根腐病。对本研究获得的84株Myrothecium-like菌株进行分类学研究。利用ITS,tub2,rpb2和cmdA对Myrothecium-like菌株和参考菌株构建系统发育树,结合形态学,显示其中14个菌株被鉴定为4个已知种(Albifimbria verrucaria,Alb.Terrestris,Striaticonidium brachysporum和Paramyrothecium nigrum),其余菌株被划分为5个具有高支持率的进化分支,通过形态比对,将其描述为5个新种,Alfaria humicola,Alf.poae,Dimorphiseta acuta,D.obtusa和Paramyrothecium sinense。5.在球道草地早熟禾根际土和高草区马塘根际土中分离获得4株Phoma-like菌株,对用ITS,LSU、tub2、rpb2对其与参考菌株构建系统发育树,结合形态学显示,这4株菌株在Pyrenochaetopsis属中形成独立分支,由于这些菌株可以产生器菌核,区别于该属所有已知种,因此描述为新种Pyrenochaetopsis sinensis。
Abstract
cao ping cao shi gao er fu qiu chang de chong yao zu cheng bu fen ,cao ping bing hai de fa sheng bu jin hui yan chong jiang di qiu chang cao ping de shi yong jia zhi he guan shang jia zhi ,hai hui wei qiu chang dai lai ju da de jing ji sun shi 。zhen jun bing hai shi gao er fu qiu chang zhi wu bing hai de zhu yao bing hai chong lei ,dan mu qian wo guo dui ji yan jiu shen shao 。ben yan jiu zai 2017-2018nian jian ,yi bei jing he hai na sheng gao er fu qiu chang wei dai biao ,dui wo guo gao er fu qiu chang zhu yao jian ping cao chong zao shou he (Poa pratensis)、jian gu ying (Agrostis stolonifera)、hai bin qiao bai (Paspalum vaginatum)deng cao ping cao de zhen jun bing hai jin hang le diao cha ,bing li yong xing tai xue he fen zi ji tong xue fang fa dui bu fen bing yuan zhen jun jin hang le fen lei xue yan jiu 。huo de de zhu yao jie guo ru xia :1.ben yan jiu zai diao cha ji jian ,dui bei jing de 8jia he hai na de 6jia gao er fu qiu chang jin hang le bing hai fa sheng ji fen bu qing kuang de diao cha 。gong cai ji bing hai yang pin 130fen ,tong guo chan bao fen li fa 、zu zhi fen li fa he tu xuan ye fen li fa ,fen li chun hua jun zhu 603zhu 。ji yu xing tai xue yi ji ITSde chu bu jian ding jie guo xian shi ,suo you jun zhu shu yu 40ge shu 。ji zhong bao dao ke yi zao cheng cao ping bing hai de zhen jun gong ji 452zhu ,fen shu yu 16ge shu 。zhu yao de bing yuan zhen jun shu bao gua wan bao shu (Curvularia),lian dao jun shu (Fusarium),wei zuo bao shu (Microdochium),xiao guang ke shu (Leptosphaerulina),qi ban jun shu (Myrothecium),jing dian mei shu (Phoma),tan ju jun shu (Colletotrichum),si he jun shu (Rhizoctonia)deng 。2.yi bei jing wei dai biao de leng ji xing cao chong jian zhi de gao er fu qiu chang he yi hai na wei dai biao de nuan ji xing jian zhi de gao er fu qiu chang zhu yao bing yuan jun cun zai cha yi ,ji zhong bei jing gao er fu qiu chang cao ping zhong fen bu zui an 、shu liang zui duo de bing yuan jun shu yu wan bao jun shu ,ji ci shi qi ban jun shu (Myrothecium)he xiao guang ke shu (Leptosphaerulina),。zai hai na gao er fu qiu chang cao ping zhong fen bu zui an 、shu liang zui duo de bing yuan jun shu yu lian dao jun (Fusarium),hai you wan bao jun shu (Curvularia),wei zuo bao shu (Microdochium)。ci wai ,guo ling he qiu dao de bing yuan zhen jun de duo yang xing bi fa qiu tai he gao cao ou gao ,zhe ke neng yu guo ling he qiu dao de xiu jian pin lv jiao gao you guan 。3.fa xian le yi chong yin qi leng ji xing cao cao de zao shou he (Poa pratensis)he pu fu jian gu ying (Agrostis stolonifera)de xie ban bing ,ming ming wei wei zuo bao xie ban bing ,li yong xing tai xue he ji tong fa yo xue jian ding ji bing yuan jun wei zhen jun xin wu chong ,he sheng wei zuo bao (Microdochium poae)。zhi bing xing shi yan fa xian qin ran hou pu fu jian gu ying de fa bing shi jian (35tian )zao yu cao de zao shou he de zhi bing xing bi zao shou he (45tian )geng gao 。4.shou ci bao dao qi ban lei (Myrothecium-like)zhen jun ke yi zao cheng cao ping xie ku bing he gen fu bing 。dui ben yan jiu huo de de 84zhu Myrothecium-likejun zhu jin hang fen lei xue yan jiu 。li yong ITS,tub2,rpb2he cmdAdui Myrothecium-likejun zhu he can kao jun zhu gou jian ji tong fa yo shu ,jie ge xing tai xue ,xian shi ji zhong 14ge jun zhu bei jian ding wei 4ge yi zhi chong (Albifimbria verrucaria,Alb.Terrestris,Striaticonidium brachysporumhe Paramyrothecium nigrum),ji yu jun zhu bei hua fen wei 5ge ju you gao zhi chi lv de jin hua fen zhi ,tong guo xing tai bi dui ,jiang ji miao shu wei 5ge xin chong ,Alfaria humicola,Alf.poae,Dimorphiseta acuta,D.obtusahe Paramyrothecium sinense。5.zai qiu dao cao de zao shou he gen ji tu he gao cao ou ma tang gen ji tu zhong fen li huo de 4zhu Phoma-likejun zhu ,dui yong ITS,LSU、tub2、rpb2dui ji yu can kao jun zhu gou jian ji tong fa yo shu ,jie ge xing tai xue xian shi ,zhe 4zhu jun zhu zai Pyrenochaetopsisshu zhong xing cheng du li fen zhi ,you yu zhe xie jun zhu ke yi chan sheng qi jun he ,ou bie yu gai shu suo you yi zhi chong ,yin ci miao shu wei xin chong Pyrenochaetopsis sinensis。
论文参考文献
论文详细介绍
论文作者分别是来自河北大学的李广硕，发表于刊物河北大学2019-07-25论文，是一篇关于草坪病害论文,微座孢叶斑病论文,多基因系统发育分析论文,漆斑类真菌论文,河北大学2019-07-25论文的文章。本文可供学术参考使用，各位学者可以免费参考阅读下载，文章观点不代表本站观点，资料来自河北大学2019-07-25论文网站，若本站收录的文献无意侵犯了您的著作版权，请联系我们删除。
标签：草坪病害论文; 微座孢叶斑病论文; 多基因系统发育分析论文; 漆斑类真菌论文; 河北大学2019-07-25论文;