阐释话语中词的语用意义

论文摘要

现实生活中,概念多于词语,很多概念还缺乏对应的词汇表达形式。人们根据语言符号或句法操作进行语义信息推算,也并非意味着我们就能够获取暗含说话人意图的语用意义或语用信息。本文提出:理解话语中词语意义的过程是一个重构意义的过程。这一过程是以关联理论为认知基础,将语言信息与其他可及性信息整合起来,以获取交际中暗含说话人的信息意图为目的的语用推理过程。 本研究采用的是认知语用推理和语义信息分析相结合的方法,认为话语中词语意义的理解过程不只是语义解码、确定所指对象、消除歧义等,还包括语用充实和语用收窄或放宽等信息加工。词语解码后的语义表征通常只是一模板或假设图式,还必须经过语用推理才可能将其扩展为说话人希望表达的意图信息。这种在话语中通过语用推理所获得的实际交际意义正是词语在话语中的语用意义。本文对词语语用意义的定义、特征以及与词语规约意义的区别和联系都作了仔细分析。话语中词语的语用意义的推理阐释主要受关联性的交际原则制约和引导。该原则可以帮助听话人将词语的语言信息与语境所提供的其他可及性信息结合起来,以获取一种暗含说话人信息意图且与听话人自己的认知系统有效作用的理解结果。交际双方在动态的交际过程中通过磋商、推理来建构话语中的词语含义,

论文目录

• Acknowledgements
• Abstract in English
• Abstract in Chinese
• Contents
• Introduction
• 1. Literature Review
• 1.1 Different Approaches to Word Meaning
• 1.1.1 Meaning is Definition
• 1.1.2Meaning is Reference
• 1. 2Lexicon, semantics and pragmatics
• 2. Systematic investigation of pragmatic meanings of words in utterances
• 2.1 Basic Terms Concerned with this Thesis
• 2.1.1 what is a Word
• 2.1.2The Distinction between Sentence Meaning And Utterance Meaning
• 2.1.3 The Introduction of Relevance Theory
• 2.1.4 The Vital Role of Context in the Determination of Word Meaning
• 2.2 The Definition of Pragmatic Meaning of Lexical Items
• 2.3The Characteristics of the Pragmatic Meanings of Words in Utterances
• 2.3.1Its Subjectivity
• 2.3.2Its Instability
• 2.3.3Its Dependency
• 2.3.4Its Infiniteness
• 2.4The Relations between the Pragmatic Meaning of a Word and Its Linguistic Meaning
• 2.4.1Main Types of Word Meaning
• 2.4.2The difference between pragmatic meaning and associative meaning
• 3. The Construction of Pragmatic Meanings of Words in Utterances
• 3.1 The Processes and Mechanisms of the Interpretation of Utterances
• 3.2 The Interpretation of Words in Utterances
• 3.2.1 Basic （relevance-theoretic） hypotheses about words interpretation in utterances
• 3.3.2 The Processes and Mechanisms of the Interpretation of Words in Utterances
• 3.2.3 Conceptual adjustment and denotation of words in utterances
• Conclusion
• Bibliography