从顺应理论角度研究英语蓄意歧义

论文摘要

歧义是人类语言中的普遍现象,英语也不例外。从交际效应的角度出发一般可以分为两类:无意歧义和蓄意歧义。前者会阻碍交际活动的正常进行,是语言结构矛盾的显现,应当避免和消除。后者是说话者根据表达需要,在特定语境中巧妙地利用语言的一些现象,或者是为了烘托情景的气氛,或者是为了使表达形式生动活波,或者产生出人意料的、幽默的、甚至是喜剧的艺术效果,以达到其特定的交际目的。本文主要讨论的是蓄意歧义。鉴于蓄意歧义本身的复杂性,对其研究只能是多层次、多角度和综合的。比利时语用学家耶夫·维索尔伦提出了语用综观论,进一步发展了他之前提出的“顺应论”,以更新的角度去理解和诠释语用学。根据顺应理论,语言使用的过程就是语言选择的过程;语言使用者之所以能够在语言使用的过程中做出种种恰当的选择,是因为语言具有变异性、协商性和顺应性的特点,可以从语境关系的顺应、语言结构的顺应、顺应的动态性和顺应过程的意识程度四个方面去描述和解释语言的使用过程。因此,本文以顺应理论为基础,以选择和顺应为主线,探讨蓄意歧义这一语言现象。研究表明:⑴为了达到某些特殊目的,人们必须创造性地运用语言。然而,蓄意歧义作为语言的表达方式,既是对语言选择的体现,又是语言使用者实现其交际意图的一种策略。⑵语境产生于交际双方使用语言的过程中,语境会随着交际过程的发展而不断变化。此外,因顺应的意识程度不同所做的语言选择也需随着语境的变化而做出相应的调整。因此,蓄意歧义作为一种具体的语言选择,是语言使用者动态地顺应语境因素,从而实现其交际目的的结果。本文运用顺应理论来研究蓄意歧义,是一次有益的尝试,可以指导语言使用者尽可能全面、系统地理解蓄意歧义的语言使用特点,帮助语言使用者正确和恰当地运用蓄意歧义,以便增强语言的表现力,达到特殊的效果。

论文目录

• 摘要
• Abstract
• Chapter One Introduction
• 1.1 Significance of the Research
• 1.2 Objective of the Research
• 1.3 Organization of the Thesis
• Chapter Two Literature Review
• 2.1 The Definition and Classification of Ambiguity
• 2.2 The Definition of Intentional Ambiguity
• 2.3 The Existing Studies of Intentional Ambiguity
• 2.3.1 Studies from the Perspective of the Characteristics and Functions of Intentional Ambiguity
• 2.3.2 Studies from the Perspective of Language Teaching and Learning
• 2.3.3 Studies from the Perspective of Translation
• 2.4 The Perspective of Verschueren’s Adaptation Theory
• Chapter Three Theoretical Framework
• 3.1 The Pragmatics Perspective
• 3.2 Verschueren's Adaptation Theory
• 3.2.1 Making Choices
• 3.2.2 Three Properties of Language: variability, negotiability and adaptability
• 3.2.3 Four Angles of Investigation
• Chapter Four Study of Intentional Ambiguity Based on Adaptation
• 4.1 Intentional Ambiguity as a Process of Making Choices
• 4.2 Variability of Intentional Ambiguity Phenomenon
• 4.2.1 Analysis of Intentional Ambiguity at the Phonetic Level
• 4.2.2 Analysis of Intentional Ambiguity at the Lexical Level
• 4.2.3 Analysis of Intentional Ambiguity at the Syntactic Level
• 4.3 Negotiation when Choosing Intentional Ambiguity
• 4.3.1 Analysis of the Effects Creating when Using Intentional
• 4.3.1.1 Humour-creating
• 4.3.1.2 Pun-making
• 4.3.1.3 Intention-alluding
• 4.3.1.4 Purpose-realizing
• 4.3.1.5 Topic-transferring
• 4.3.2 Analysis of the Salience of Adaptability when Choosing Intentional Ambiguity
• 4.3.2.1 Degrees of Salience
• 4.3.2.2 Salience of Adaptation Process
• 4.4 Adaptation of Intentional Ambiguity as a Communicative Strategy to Contextual Correlates
• 4.4.1 Analysis of the Adaptation Process in Terms of the Language Users: utterer and interpreter
• 4.4.1.1 Adaptation to the Utterer’s Many Voices
• 4.4.1.2 Adaptation to the Interpreter’s Many Roles
• 4.4.2 Analysis of the Adaptation Process in Terms of the Mental World
• 4.4.2.1 Adaptation to the Utterer’s Motivations
• 4.4.2.2 Adaptation to the Utterer’s Intentions
• 4.4.2.3 Adaptation to the Interpreter’s Wishes
• 4.4.2.4 Adaptation to the Interpreter’s Emotions
• Chapter Five Conclusion
• 5.1 Summary of the Present Study
• 5.2 Limitations of the Present Study
• 5.3 Suggestions for Further Study
• Acknowledgements
• Bibliography
• 研究成果