中国南部天坑群中多环芳烃和有机氯农药的分布、来源及其迁移特征

论文摘要

通过Agilent 6890N／5975MSD GC Ms and HP 6890 GC，研究了大石围天坑群（由大石围和大坨天坑组成）的土壤样中16种多环芳烃和23种有机氯农药分布特征。研究结果提供了目前唯一有关大石围天坑群中多环芳烃和有机氯农药的的浓度水平和分布情况。研究结果表明，从顶部到底部，从天坑到大石围天坑群，环境污染物的浓度分布有着明显的变化。在大坨天坑中，设置了两个剖面（AA和BB）。采集了12个样品用于实验分析。两个剖面中∑PAHs总的含量是505.75ng／g。剖面AA中，∑PAHs的含量范围为29.10～43.04ng／g，平均含量为35.45ng／g；剖面BB中，∑PAHs的含量范为16.93 68.07ng／g，平均含量为48.65ng／g。两个剖面中∑OCPs总的含量是19.49ng／g。剖面从中，∑OCPs的含量范为0.131n 14.35ng／g，平均含量为2.439ng／g；剖面BB中，∑OCPs的含量范为0.222 0.574ng／g，平均含量为0.403ng／g。从大石围天坑的顶部到底部，采集了9个样品用于分析PAHs and OCPs。结果表明：∑PAHs总的含量是670.32ng／g，平均含量为74.48ng／g。顶部∑PAHs的含量范为23.43ng／g 88.94ng／g，平均含量为57.76ng／g；底部∑PAHs的含量范为43.51ng／g-190.47ng／g，平均含量为87.88ng／g。∑OCPs总的含量是15.87ng／g，平均含量为1.76ng／g。顶部∑OCPs的含量范为0.05ng／g 2.46ng／g，平均含量为1.21ng／g；底部∑OCPs的含量范为42ng／g5.22ng／g，平均含量为2.20ng／g。总体来讲，在大石围天坑群中，污染物在底部的总含量高于顶部的总含量，大石围天坑比大坨天坑含有更多的污染物。造成这些差异的因素是多方面的。其中主要是因为底部和顶部以及天坑之间的光照和蒸发作用存在着巨大差异。根据不同PAHs and OCPs的比率比如LMW／HMW，AN／AN+PH，BaA／CH，BaA／BaA+CH，andPH／AN，α／γ可以推断污染物的来源，迁移，历史污染及其归宿。研究区土壤中，天坑中的PAHs主要来源于石油。大石围天坑有新的o，p’-DDT在使用没有林丹使用，而大坨天坑有新的o，p’-DDT和林丹使用研究结果表明：天坑底部是PAHs和OCPs归宿地和积蓄库。

论文目录

• ABSTRACT
• 摘要
• CHAPTER ONE GENERAL INTRODUCTION
• §1.1 OVERVIEW
• §1.2 INTRODUCTION TO PERSISTENT ORGANIC POLLUTANTS
• §1.3 POLYCYCLIC AROMATIC HYDROCARBONS
• §1.4 ORGANOCHLORINE PESTICIDES
• 1.4.1 The Application of Organochlorine Pesticides Globally
• 1.4.2 Physical and chemical properties of OCPs
• §1.5 Environmental Transport and Distribution of Persistent Organic Pollutants
• 1.5.1 Atmospheric Transport and Distribution
• 1.5.2 Soil Transport and Distribution
• 1.5.3 Sediment Transport and Distribution
• 1.5.4 Water Transport and Distribution
• 1.5.5 Biota Transport and Distribution
• §1.6 Persistent organic pollutants exchange in Media （interface in different media）
• §1.7 Fate and Behavior of POPs in the environment
• §1.8 Predicting the Sources of POPs
• 1.8.1 Sources and signature of PAHs
• 1.8.2 Sources and signature of OCPs
• CHAPTER TWO REVIEW ON STUDY AREA AND KARST GEOMORPHOLOGY
• §2.1 BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF STUDY AREA
• 2.1.1 CLIMATE
• 2.1.2 FAUNA AND FLORA
• 2.1.3 MINERAL RESOURCES
• §2.2 PHYSIOGRAPHY & HYDRODYNAMICS OF KARST ENVIRONMENTS
• 2.2.1 Introduction
• 2.2.2 Spatial Distribution of Karst Globally
• 2.2.3 Geomorphological Characteristics of Karst
• 2.2.4 Climatic Characteristics of Chinese karst Area
• 2.2.5 .KARST ECOSYSTEM
• 2.2.6 Dolines and Tiankengs
• CHAPTER THREE SAMPLING AND ANALYSIS
• §3.1 SAMPLING
• §3.2 ANALYSIS
• 3.2.1 Experiment Procedures
• 3.2.2 Equipment analysis
• 3.2.3 Quality Control
• CHAPTER FOUR RESULTS AND DISCUSSION
• §4.1 LEVELS OF POLYCYCL1C AROMATIC HYDROCARBONS IN SAMPLES
• 4.1.1 Distribution of PAHs in Surface Soils of Dashiwei Tiankeng
• 4.1.2 Distribution of PAHs in Surface Soils of Datuo Tiankeng
• 4.1.3 Summary of PAHs Distribution in Dashiwei in Datuo Tiankengs
• §4.2 SOURCES AND CHARACTER OF POPs IN SURFACE SOILS
• 4.2.1 Sources of PAHs in Surface Soils of Dashiwei Tiankeng
• 4.2.2 Sources of PAHs in Surface Soils of Datuo Tiankeng
• 4.2.3 Global Comparison of Other PAHs Investigation with Present Study
• §4.3 LEVELS OF ORGANOCHLORINE PESTICIDES IN SAMPLES
• 4.3.1 Distribution, sources and Character of OCPs in Soils of Dashiwei Tiankeng
• 4.3.2 Distribution, sources and Character of OCPs in Soils of Datuo Tiankeng
• 4.3.3 Summary on OCPs Distribution, Sources and Character in the Tiankengs
• 4.3.4 Global Comparison of Other OCPs Investigation with Present Study
• CHAPTER FIVE CONCLUSION AND RECOMMENDATION
• §5.1 Soil Samples from Dashiwei Tiankeng
• §5.2 Soil Samples from Datuo Tiankeng
• §5.3 GENERAL SUMMARY
• §5.4 RECOMMENDATIONS AND PROSPECTS
• ACKNOWLEDGEMENT
• REFERENCES
• APPENDIX