认知语境在隐喻理解中的功能研究

论文摘要

在日常生活交际中,大量隐喻被用来表达交际意图。隐喻的研究自古以来就受到相当的重视,经过很多学者的研究与学习,隐喻从Aristotle的修辞隐喻开始发展到现在的认知隐喻。认知隐喻理论认为隐喻不仅是一种语言现象,还是人类的一种思维方式,对人类的语言、认知和交际能力产生了很大的影响。所以,隐喻研究显得更为重要,而其中隐喻理解也成为隐喻研究的一个重要组成部分。隐喻的理解过程是一个刺激头脑中存储的相关知识并选择相关假设,结合具体语境来推断说话者的隐含意义或交际目的过程。所以隐喻的生成和理解都离不开语境。随着认知语言学的产生,认知语境这一词也愈来愈广泛的为人们研究和接受。与静态的固定的传统语境相比,动态的认知语境对隐喻理解起到更佳的作用。因此本文基于Sperber和Wilson提出的认知语境理论来探讨认知语境在隐喻理解中到底有何功能,并怎样影响隐喻理解的。本文分为六章。第一章介绍了文章的目的,结构及材料来源。第二章和第三章综述了隐喻理论和语境理论。本文将认知语境分为语言知识,情景语境和背景知识。第四章和第五章通过示例分析探讨了三类认知语境在隐喻理解中的主要功能。第四章具体探讨了语言知识和情景语境在隐喻理解中的功能。语言知识在隐喻理解中的功能主要从字词和语篇两个层面探讨,隐喻例子主要源于日常生活;情景语境在隐喻理解中的功能是从场景和不同领域语境两个角度探讨的,隐喻示例分别源于文学作品和诸如政治领域、经济领域等不同领域。第五章从知识结构和文化语境两个角度探讨了背景知识在隐喻理解中的功能。第四章和第五章的示例分析充分证明认知语境对隐喻理解具有两大功能:限制功能和解释功能。第六章总结全文。本文希望通过探讨认知语境在隐喻理解中的功能来启发人们如何成功地进行日常交际,避免产生误解;并帮助学生学好英语。

论文目录

• 摘要
• Abstract
• Chapter 1 Introduction
• 1.1 Purpose of Writing the Thesis
• 1.2 Structure of This Thesis
• 1.3 Data Collection and Methodology
• Chapter 2 Theories of Metaphor
• 2.1 The Definition of Metaphor
• 2.2 The Development of Metaphor
• 2.2.1 Aristotle’s Comparison Theory
• 2.2.2 Quintillion’s Substitution Theory
• 2.2.3 Richards’Interactions Theory
• 2.3 Theoretical Schools on Metaphor
• 2.3.1 Rhetoric Theory
• 2.3.2 Grammatical Metaphor Theory
• 2.3.3 Cognitive Theory
• 2.3.3.1 The Concept of Cognitive Metaphor
• 2.3.3.2 Lakoff’s Conceptual Metaphor
• 2.3.3.3 Comment on Conceptual Metaphor
• 2.4 Studies on Metaphor in China
• Chapter 3 Theories of Context
• 3.1 Definition of Context
• 3.2 Context Study at Home and Abroad
• 3.2.1 Context Study Abroad
• 3.2.2 Context Study at Home
• 3.3 Pre-cognitive Views of Context
• 3.3.1 Cultural Context
• 3.3.2 Situational Context
• 3.3.3 Context of Co-text
• 3.4 Cognitive Context
• 3.4.1 Definition of Cognitive Context
• 3.4.2 Cognitive Context Study at Home and Abroad
• 3.4.3 Sperber and Wilson’s View on Cognitive Context
• 3.4.4 Classification of Cognitive Context
• 3.4.5 The Basic Characteristics of Cognitive Context
• 3.5 Cognitive Context and Metaphor
• Chapter 4 Exploration of Functions of Cognitive Context in Metaphor Interpretation by Case Study （I）—Functions of Linguistic and Situational Contexts
• 4.1 Restriction Function
• 4.1.1 Case Study from Linguistic Context
• 4.1.1.1 Case Study from Lexical Context
• 4.1.1.2 Case Study from Clausal Context
• 4.1.2 Case Study from Situational Context
• 4.1.2.1 Case Study from Setting
• 4.1.2.2 Case Study from Different Fields
• 4.2 Explanation Function
• 4.2.1 Case Study from Linguistic Context
• 4.2.1.1 Case Study from Lexical Context
• 4.2.1.2 Case Study from Clausal Context
• 4.3 Summary of Functions of Linguistic and Situational Contexts in Metaphor Interpretation
• Chapter 5 Exploration of Functions of Cognitive Context in Metaphor Interpretation by Case Study （II）—Functions of Background Knowledge
• 5.1 Restriction function
• 5.1.1 Case Study from Knowledge Structure
• 5.1.2 Case Study from Cultural Context
• 5.1.2.1 Case Study from National Cultural Context
• 5.1.2.2 Case Study from Regional Cultural Context
• 5.2 Explanation Function
• 5.2.1 Case Study from Knowledge Structure
• 5.2.2 Case Study from Cultural Context
• 5.2.2.1 Case Study from National Cultural Context
• 5.2.2.2 Case Study from Regional Cultural Context
• 5.3 Summary of Functions of Cultural Context in Metaphor Interpretation
• Chapter 6 Conclusion
• References
• 攻读硕士学位期间取得的学术成果
• Acknowledgements