论词汇空缺的翻译策略

论词汇空缺的翻译策略

论文摘要

词汇是一个国家语言文化的基础,词汇反映文化,文化同时影响词汇。但不同文化的积淀造成了各民族所使用的语言在词汇方面有很大的差异,受到民族的宗教信仰、风俗习惯、价值观念、审美情趣等因素的影响和制约,词汇空缺不可避免的产生,而且在现实生活中无处不在;比如:科技、政治、经济、哲学、宗教、体育、文学等领域。在语言方面,词汇空缺主要表现在不同的语法范畴,如:数、性、人称、时态和语态等方面。多年来,翻译工作者孜孜不倦地工作,是想达到一种对等的标准,叫做动态对等或翻译等值。但是词汇空缺无疑为对等造成了很大的困难,同时也引起了理论学家对可译性的讨论。本论文研究目的在于更好地认识词汇空缺这一语言现象,并讨论如何在翻译中采取不同的处理方式来消除词汇空缺所带来的语言障碍,架设英汉语言交流与沟通的桥梁。为了能够更清楚的认识问题,解决问题,本文希望从5个方面进行阐述;第一部分,回顾对等理论;第二部分,词汇空缺的定义以及分类,词汇空缺的种类可从语义,语法和语用三个方面来划分。语义类词汇空缺是我们比较好理解的一类;语法类词汇空缺由英汉两种完全不同的语法结构而来,比如,性、数、格等等;而语用类词汇空缺是由各式各样的修辞产生的。在本文的第三部分,我们在分类的基础上进一步地探讨了词汇空缺产生的原因,包括文化因素,构词法因素和修辞等语用因素。然后,本文探讨了处理词汇空缺的翻译策略;不同的文本,不同的翻译目的采用不同的翻译策略,其最终想要达到的效果还是要归结于尽可能为译文读者取得原文读者可以享受到的效果。最后一部分为结论部分,对全文做一个简单的总结。对任何翻译理论的讨论,旨在于对翻译实践的指导作用,希望本文能对此有所贡献。

论文目录

  • Acknowledgements
  • Abstract
  • 摘要
  • Review of Translation Equivalence
  • Chapter I The Introduction of Lexical Gap
  • 1.1 The Definition of lexical gap
  • 1.2 The Categorization of Lexical Gap
  • 1.2.1 Semantic Consideration
  • 1.2.1.1 Cultural Zero Equivalence
  • 1.2.1.2 Semantic Gap
  • 1.2.2 Grammatical Consideration
  • 1.2.2.1 Number
  • 1.2.2.2 Gender
  • 1.2.2.3 Person
  • 1.2.2.4 Tense and Aspect
  • 1.2.2.5 Voice
  • 1.2.3 Pragmatic Consideration
  • Chapter II Why There Exists Lexical Gap
  • 2.1 Cultural differences
  • 2.1.1 Material Culture
  • 2.1.1.1 Geography
  • 2.1.1.2 Food
  • 2.1.1.3 Dress
  • 2.1.2 Non-material Culture
  • 2.1.2.1 History
  • 2.1.2.2 Religion
  • 2.1.2.3 Custom
  • 2.1.2.4 Allusions
  • 2.2 Different word-forming methods
  • 2.2.1 Affixations
  • 2.2.2 Compounding
  • 2.3 Figurative uses of words
  • Chapter III The Translation Strategy of Dealing with Lexical Gap
  • 3.1 The Strategies Choice
  • 3.2 Different Translation Strategies
  • 3.2.1 Transliteration
  • 3.2.2 Literal translation
  • 3.2.3 Paraphrase
  • 3.2.4 Cultural Substitution
  • 3.2.5 Using general or specific terms
  • 3.2.6 Using notes
  • Chapter IV Conclusion
  • Bibliography
  • 发表论文和科研情况说明
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    论词汇空缺的翻译策略
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