论文摘要
新疆野苹果(Malus sieveisii)存在广泛的遗传多样性,作为果树育种材料进一步挖掘利用的潜力很大。本研究以新疆野苹果一年生茎段为试验材料,对新疆野苹果的茎段组织培养、玻璃化法超低温保存、超低温保存后形态学特征变化进行了研究,并对其遗传稳定性做了验证,首次对新疆野苹果玻璃化法超低温保存的一些影响因素进行了研究,并采用SSR标记对新疆野苹果超低温保存后的遗传变异性进行了检测,旨在为北方果树的超低温保存提供借鉴,并为新疆野苹果资源的保存提供技术支撑。主要研究结果如下:1.进行了新疆野苹果茎段的接种外植体褐化调控试验,制定了褐化等级评定标准,调查褐变率,对活性炭、维生素C、植酸、光照等一些因素进行了研究,结果表明,活性炭、维生素C、植酸以及暗培养对于抑制新疆野苹果初代培养外植体的褐化效果很差,而连续转移对于控制褐化具有良好的效果。2.组培苗在低浓度6-BA和NAA时,生长缓慢,多丛芽分化倍数较低,仅为1.3;二者浓度过高时,组培苗会疯长、玻璃化现象严重,或产生大量愈伤组织,分化倍数低。结果表明:组培苗在MS+ 6-BA 0.5mg/L +NAA 0.1 mg/L的培养基上分化较好。3.在诱根培养基中适当加入NAA可以诱导组培苗产生更多的侧根、侧根,生长的根呈白色,根系生长更好,植株移栽成活率高。分化的多丛芽可在1/2 MS+ IBA 0.5 mg/L+ NAA 0.1mg/L培养基上正常生根,生根后可移栽成活。4.建立了新疆野苹果茎尖玻璃化超低温保存方法。具体方法为:新疆野苹果茎尖在含有5%二甲基亚砜(DMSO)的0.4 mol/L蔗糖培养基上预培养3 d,60%玻璃化溶液(PVS2)中室温装载30 min, PVS2 0℃下处理40 min,经液氮保存至少24 h后,转入继代培养基上再培养,成活率和再生率分别为93.3%和86.7%。再生植株生长和分化正常,生根后可移栽成活。5.从形态学、分子生物学等角度对保存后的新疆野苹果植株进行遗传稳定性的鉴定,结果表明:与对照相比,叶片大小、叶片颜色、叶片形状、株高、假茎粗无明显区别;利用5对SSR引物对超低温保存后的再生植株与对照植株的基因组DNA进行扩增,扩增产物经变性聚丙烯酰胺凝胶电泳分离表明,所选取的植株经玻璃化法超低温保存后遗传稳定性未发生变异。由此,基本可以确认超低温保存未改变新疆野苹果试材的遗传稳定性。
论文目录
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